The Margraviate of Brandenburg

Examples of The Margraviate of Brandenburg in the following topics:

• The Hohenzollerns

  • In the second phase, the family expanded their lands further with large acquisitions in the Brandenburg and Prussian regions of Germany and current Poland (Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1417 and Duchy of Prussia in 1618).
  • The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806.
  • The House of Hohenzollern came to the throne of Brandenburg in 1415.
  • When Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia, died without a son in 1618, his son-in-law John Sigismund, at the time the prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, inherited the Duchy of Prussia.
  • The feudal designation of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ended with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, which made the Hohenzollerns de jure as well as de facto sovereigns over it.

• Religious Divide in the Holy Roman Empire

  • The northern Protestant states, angered by the violation of their rights to choose granted in the Peace of Augsburg, banded together to form the Protestant Union.
  • The position of the Holy Roman Emperor was mainly titular, but the emperors, from the House of Habsburg, also directly ruled a large portion of imperial territory (lands of the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Bohemia), as well as the Kingdom of Hungary.
  • Another branch of the House of Habsburg ruled over Spain and its empire, which included the Spanish Netherlands, southern Italy, the Philippines, and most of the Americas.
  • In addition to Habsburg lands, the Holy Roman Empire contained several regional powers, such as the Duchy of Bavaria, the Electorate of Saxony, the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Landgraviate of Hesse, the Archbishopric of Trier, and the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg.
  • Religion in the Holy Roman Empire on the eve of the Thirty Years' War.

• The War of Austrian Succession

  • As such, Frederick was also Elector of Brandenburg because the two remained in personal union since the early 17th century.
  • Legally, Brandenburg was still part of the Holy Roman Empire but the Hohenzollerns were fully sovereign rulers of the Prussian Kingdom.
  • Theoretically, this positioned Frederick as a sovereign king of Prussia but under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor as the ruler of Brandenburg.
  • For this reason, Brandenburg soon came to be treated as de facto part of the Prussian kingdom rather than a separate entity.
  • Under the treaty, the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg were to inherit the Duchy of Brieg, an autonomous region of Silesia.

• The Brief Reign of Peter III

  • The traditionally held view of Peter as a person of weak character and many vices is mainly drawn from the memoirs of his wife and successor.
  • After Peter succeeded to the Russian throne, the pro-Prussian emperor withdrew Russian forces from the Seven Years' War and concluded a peace treaty with Prussia - an event known as the Second Miracle of the House of Brandenburg (sometimes as simply the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg, which also refers to another surprising development during the Seven Years' War, when Russia and Austria failed to follow up their victory over Frederick the Great at the Battle of Kunersdorf in 1759).
  • This dramatically shifted the balance of power in Europe.
  • On the night of July 8, Catherine the Great received the news that one of her co-conspirators had been arrested by her estranged husband and that all they had been planning had to take place at once.
  • Catherine left with the regiment to go to the Semenovsky Barracks where the clergy was waiting to ordain her as the sole occupant of the Russian throne.

• The Peace of Westphalia and Sovereignty

  • The Eighty Years' War or Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648) was a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces against the political and religious hegemony of Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands.
  • According to the Peace of Westphalia, all parties would recognize the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, in which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state (the principle of cuius regio, eius religio).
  • Among the most important ones was the recognition of the independence of Switzerland from the Empire and the explansion of the territories of France, Sweden, and Brandenburg-Prussia (later Prussia).
  • The independence of the city of Bremen was clarified.
  • The map shows the possessions of the two branches of the house of Habsburg [purple]; the possessions of the house of Hohenzollern (union of Prussia with Brandenburg) [blue]; the Swedish empire on both shores of the Baltic and in northern Germany; the Danish monarchy, Denmark, Norway, and Scania; the British isles, with the battlefields of the civil wars; France, with the battlefields of the civil wars [red]; Germany with the battlefields of the Thirty Years’ War; the republic of Poland at its greatest extent; the western boundary of Russia.

• Louis XIV's Wars

  • A total of 12 conquered cities remained in the hands of the French king.
  • The Franco-Dutch War (1672–78), called also the Dutch War, was a war that pitted France, Sweden, Münster, Cologne, and England against the Dutch Republic, which was later joined by the Austrian Habsburg lands, Brandenburg-Prussia, and Spain to form a Quadruple Alliance.
  • Sweden agreed to indirectly support the invasion of the Republic, by threatening Brandenburg-Prussia if that state should intervene.
  • By the terms of the Treaty of Ryswick (1697) Louis XIV retained the whole of Alsace but he was forced to return Lorraine to its ruler and give up any gains on the right bank of the Rhine.
  • There were also two lesser conflicts: the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions.

• Freedom of the Press

  • The First Amendment guarantees the freedom of the press, which includes print media as well as any other source of information or opinion.
  • The Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918 imposed restrictions on free press during wartime.
  • Brandenburg v.
  • However, the Supreme Court has ruled that the problem of scarcity does not allow the raising of a First Amendment issue.
  • Indicate the role the Freedom of the Press in the U.S.

• Danish Intervention

  • After the Defenestration of Prague and the ensuing Bohemian Revolt, the Protestants warred with the Catholic League until the former were firmly defeated at the Battle of Stadtlohn in 1623.
  • Christian's mishaps continued when all of the allies he thought he had were forced aside: France was in the midst of a civil war, Sweden was at war with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and neither Brandenburg nor Saxony was interested in changes to the tenuous peace in eastern Germany.
  • Moreover, neither of the substantial British contingents arrived in time to prevent Wallenstein defeating Mansfeld's army at the Battle of Dessau Bridge (1626) or Tilly's victory at the Battle of Lutter (1626).
  • At this point, the Catholic League persuaded Ferdinand II to take back the Lutheran holdings that were, according to the Peace of Augsburg, rightfully the possession of the Catholic Church.
  • In the same year, Gabriel Bethlen, the Calvinist prince of Transylvania, died.

• Bronze Age Advancements in Metallurgy

  • The discovery of bronze through existing metallurgical techniques revolutionized the production of weapons and works of art.
  • An important development of the Bronze Age was the evolution of metallurgy, which resulted in the discovery of bronze.
  • Axes were the most valued tools of the period.
  • The Únětice culture arose at the beginning of the Central European Bronze Age (2300-1600 BCE).
  • Archaeological Museum of the state of Brandenburg.

• Louis XIV and the Huguenots

  • The persecution of the Huguenots became one of the critical factors in Louis XIV's consolidation of royal power and resulted in Catholicism being the only legally tolerated religion in France, despite Louis' conflict with the Pope.
  • It marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century.
  • After all, the Edict of Nantes was the pragmatic concession of his grandfather Henry IV to end the longstanding French Wars of Religion.
  • Some rulers, such as Frederick Wilhelm, Duke of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg, encouraged the Protestants to seek refuge in their nations.
  • The revocation of the Edict of Nantes created a state of affairs in France similar to that of nearly every other European country of the period (with the brief exception of Great Britain and possibly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), where only the majority state religion was legally tolerated.