The Jungle

Examples of The Jungle in the following topics:

• Industrial Cities

  • Upton Sinclair's The Jungle chronicles the dangerous living conditions endured by immigrant factory workers in the early-1900s, a period of rapid urbanization in the U.S.
  • In 1800, only 3% of the world's population lived in cities.
  • Since the industrial era, that figure, as of the beginning of the 21st century, has risen to nearly 50%.
  • Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution varied from the splendor of the homes of the wealthy to the squalor of the workers.
  • The greatest killer in the cities was tuberculosis (TB).

• Culture and Biology

  • After Europeans began to drink the milk of domesticated animals, the genetic adaptation favoring lactose consumptions spread rapidly throughout the continent.
  • The field of anthropology emerged around the same time as Social Darwinism, in the late 19th and early 20th century.
  • Social Darwinism was the belief that the closer a cultural group was to the normative, Western, European standards of behavior and appearance, the more evolved that group was.
  • If you have ever heard someone reference people of African descent as being from, or close to, the jungle, or the wilderness, you've encountered a type of coded language that is a modern incarnation of Social Darwinist thought.
  • In accordance with the hegemonic beliefs of the time, anthropologists first theorized culture as something that evolves in the same way biological organisms evolve.

• Architecture in Early South America

  • The site is located 160 miles north of Lima, Peru, at an elevation of 10,000 ft, on the edge of the Conchucos Valley.
  • While the fairly large population was based on an agricultural economy, the city's location at the headwaters of the Marañn River, between the coast and the jungle, made it an ideal location for the dissemination and collection of both ideas and material goods.
  • The Chavín civilization was centered on the site of Chavín de Huántar, the religious center of the Chavín people and the capital of the Chavín culture.
  • The main architectural appeal of the site comes from the carved images and designs on carved doorways and megalithic constructions, such as the Gate of the Sun.
  • What stands today is not the original configuration of the megaliths that comprise the Kalasasaya.

• The Progressive Era

  • In the Gilded Age (late 19th century) the parties were reluctant to involve the federal government too heavily in the private sector, except in the area of railroads and tariffs.
  • Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906) was influential and persuaded America about the supposed horrors of the Chicago Union Stock Yards (though Sinclair himself never visited the site); a giant complex of meat processing that developed in the 1870's.
  • Attacks by Tarbell and others helped pave the way for public acceptance of the breakup of the company by the Supreme Court in 1911.
  • Wilson helped end the long battles over the trusts with the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914.
  • Discuss the economic policies of the Progressive Era in the United States.

• Features of Progressivism

  • The Progressive Era was a time of great political, social and economic reform for the United States.
  • One of the main political goals of the Progressive Movement was to expose corruption within the United States government.
  • One of the most notable examples of this literature is Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, published in 1906 and offering a disturbing portrayal of the meatpacking industry in the U.S.
  • The result was a rapid growth of the educated middle class—typically the grass roots supporters of Progressive measures.
  • The Eighteenth Amendment banned the manufacturing, sale and transport of alcohol.

• Social Justice

  • Historians debate the exact contours of the "Progressive Era", but this term generally refers to the period from the 1890s to the period after World War I.
  • Emerging at the end of the nineteenth century, progressive reformers established much of the tone of American politics throughout the first half of the century.
  • For progressive reformers, the Constitution represented a loose guideline of political governance, rather than a strict authority on the political development of the United States or the scope of federal power.
  • In The Jungle (1906), socialist Upton Sinclair repelled readers with descriptions of Chicago's meatpacking plants, prompting many Americans to rally behind the federally-mandated remedial food safety legislation passed under Roosevelt's administration.
  • In Dynamic Sociology (1883), Lester Frank Ward laid out the philosophical foundations of the Progressive movement and attacked the laissez-faire policies advocated by Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, while Thorstein Veblen's The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) attacked the "conspicuous consumption" of the wealthy.

• Hispanics in WWII

  • On March 18, 1945, the regiment was sent to the District of Mannheim and assigned to military occupation duties after the end of the war.
  • These Hispanic and non-Hispanic soldiers endured the 12-day, 85-mile (137 km) Bataan Death March from Bataan to the Japanese prison camps, where they were force-marched in scorching heat through the Philippine jungle.
  • Early in the war, the 158th, nicknamed the "Bushmasters," had been deployed to protect the Panama Canal and had completed jungle training.
  • The unit later fought the Japanese in the New Guinea area in heavy combat and was involved in the liberation of the Philippine Islands.
  • With the creation of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), predecessor of the Women's Army Corps (WAC), and the U.S.

• Three sampling methods (special topic)

  • To take a simple random sample of 120 baseball players and their salaries from the 2010 season, we could write the names of that season's 828 players onto slips of paper, drop the slips into a bucket, shake the bucket around until we are sure the names are all mixed up, then draw out slips until we have the sample of 120 players.
  • In the baseball salary example, the teams could represent the strata; some teams have a lot more money (we're looking at you, Yankees).
  • We might get a more stable estimate for the sub-population in a stratum if the cases are very similar.
  • We learn that there are 30 villages in that part of the Indonesian jungle, each more or less similar to the next.
  • In the top panel, simple random sampling was used to randomly select the 18 cases.

• Vedic and Upanishadic Periods

  • The Vedic period in India (c. 1700 - 500 BCE) is marked by the composition of the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.
  • However, after 1000 BCE, the use of iron axes and ploughs enabled the clearing of jungles, and the Vedic kingdoms were able to expand along the Gangetic plains, ushering in the later Vedic age.
  • The invasion of Darius I of the Indus valley in the early 6th century BCE marks the beginning of outside influence, continued in the kingdoms of the Indo-Greeks.
  • The Mantra language texts: This period includes both the mantra and prose language of the Atharvaveda (Paippalada and Shaunakiya), the Rigveda Khilani, the Samaveda Samhita, and the mantras of the Yajurveda.
  • The Brahmana prose texts: The Brahmanas proper of the four Vedas belong to this period, as well as the Aranyakas, the oldest of the Upanishads and the oldest Shrautasutras.

• Introduction to Mapping Waste-Elimination

  • Trying to eliminate waste in an organization without first conducting some form of reconnaissance is comparable to hacking one's way through a jungle without a map.
  • (Scott, Jonathan T., Managing the New Frontiers)
  • Transportation needs (the amount of energy used to shift materials from one place to another),
  • Because gathering and mapping an organization's production activities requires effort and usually involves more participation and time than originally envisioned, obtaining the input of the many different people involved in the activities being examined is crucial.
  • Henri Miller, a famous American painter and novelist, once said that ‘in this age, which believes that there is a shortcut to everything, the greatest lesson to be learned is that the most difficult way is, in the long run, usually the easiest'.