Examples of transgenic in the following topics:
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- The vector itself is generally a DNA sequence that consists of an insert (transgene) and a larger sequence that serves as the "backbone" of the vector.
- Vectors called expression vectors (expression constructs) are specifically for the expression of the transgene in the target cell, and generally have a promoter sequence that drives expression of the transgene.
- Plasmid vectors minimalistically consist of an origin of replication that allows for semi-independent replication of the plasmid in the host and also the transgene insert.
- Viral vectors are generally genetically-engineered viruses carrying modified viral DNA or RNA that has been rendered noninfectious, but still contain viral promoters and also the transgene.
- This allows for the translation of the transgene through a viral promoter.
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- Transgenic modification, adding recombinant DNA to a species, has led to the expression of desirable genes in plants and animals.
- Animals that have been modified to express recombinant DNA are called transgenic animals.
- Several human proteins are expressed in the milk of transgenic sheep and goats, while others are expressed in the eggs of chickens.
- Plants that have received recombinant DNA from other species are called transgenic plants.
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- The vector itself is generally a DNA sequence that consists of an insert (transgene) and a larger sequence, which serves as the "backbone" of the vector.
- Vectors called expression vectors (expression constructs) express the transgene in the target cell, and they generally have a promoter sequence that drives expression of the transgene.
- Plasmid vectors minimally consist of the transgene insert and an origin of replication, which allows for semi-independent replication of the plasmid in the host.
- Modern vectors may encompass additional features besides the transgene insert and a backbone:
- Promoter: a necessary component for all vectors, used to drive transcription of the vector's transgene.
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- These proteins are made in large quantities by genetically engineered bacteria or yeast in large "bioreactors. " Some drugs are also made in transgenic plants, such as tobacco.
- For these drugs, production in transgenic animals is a good option.
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- Human monoclonal antibodies are produced using transgenic mice or phage display libraries.
- Human immunoglobulin genes are transferred into the murine genome, after which the transgenic mouse is vaccinated against the desired antigen, leading to the production of monoclonal antibodies.
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- Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically-modified microorganisms (GMO).
- Therefore, if any segment of DNA from any organism is inserted into a DNA segment containing the molecular sequences required for DNA replication, and the resulting recombinant DNA is introduced into the organism from which the replication sequences were obtained, then the foreign DNA will be replicated along with the host cell's DNA in the transgenic organism.
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- If the foreign DNA that is introduced comes from a different species, the host organism is called transgenic.
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- Finally, transgenic expression of the noninfectious hpRNA of potato spindle tuber viroid develops all the corresponding viroid like symptoms.
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- Researchers in the industry are working on methods with which transgenic crops will be developed that express PHA synthesis routes from bacteria and so produce PHA as energy storage in their tissues.
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- In the bacterial context, the fragment of DNA from the human genome (or the genome of another organism that is being studied) is referred to as foreign DNA (or a transgene) to differentiate it from the DNA of the bacterium, which is called the host DNA.