welfare

Examples of welfare in the following topics:

• History of the Welfare State

  • Marshall identified the welfare state as a distinctive combination of democracy, welfare and capitalism.
  • The United Kingdom, as a modern welfare state, started to emerge with the Liberal welfare reforms of 1906–1914 under Liberal Prime Minister Herbert Asquith .
  • Roosevelt's New Deal welfare state policies of the 1930s.
  • Marshall identified the welfare state as a distinctive combination of democracy, welfare and capitalism.
  • The United Kingdom, as a modern welfare state, started to emerge with the Liberal welfare reforms of 1906–1914 under Liberal Prime Minister Herbert Asquith.

• Promoting the General Welfare

  • Article IV of the Constitution of Massachusetts provides authority for the state to make laws "as they shall judge to be for the good and welfare of this commonwealth. " The actual phrase "general welfare" appears only in Article CXVI, which permits the imposition of capital punishment for "the purpose of protecting the general welfare of the citizens. "
  • The General Welfare clause is a section of the Constitution-- as well as certain charters and statutes-- which provides that the governing body empowered by the document may enact laws to promote the general welfare of the people.
  • There have been different interpretations of the meaning of the General Welfare clause.
  • General Welfare clause arises from two distinct disagreements: The first concerns whether the General Welfare clause grants an independent spending power or is a restriction upon the taxing power; the second disagreement pertains to what exactly is meant by the phrase "general welfare. "
  • Illustrate how the General Welfare clause of the Constitution is applied to public policy

• Welfare State Capitalism

  • Welfare capitalism refers to a welfare state in a capitalist economic system or to businesses providing welfare-like services to employees.
  • Welfare capitalism refers either to the combination of a capitalist economic system with a welfare state or, in the American context, to the practice of private businesses providing welfare-like services to employees.
  • However, even at the peak of this form of welfare capitalism, not all workers enjoyed the same benefits.
  • Business-led welfare capitalism was only common in American industries that employed skilled labor.
  • This is an example of welfare capitalism in that it involves a business providing for its employees.

• Foundations of the Welfare State

  • The welfare system in the United States was created on the grounds that the market cannot provide goods and services universally.
  • In 2002, total U.S. social welfare expenditure constitutes roughly 35% of GDP, with purely public expenditure constituting 21%, publicly supported but privately provided welfare services constituting 10% of GDP and purely private services constituting 4% of GDP.
  • Examples of the Liberal welfare state include Australia, Canada, Japan, Switzerland and the United States.
  • This compared to France and Sweden whose welfare spending ranges from 30% to 35% of GDP.
  • Compare and contrast the social-democratic welfare state, the Christian-democratic welfare state and the liberal welfare state

• Welfare Reform

  • Welfare reform has attempted many times to remove welfare altogether by promoting self-sufficiency, but has been unsuccessful in this regard thus far.
  • Welfare reform refers to improving how a nation helps those citizens in poverty.
  • Before the Welfare Reform Act of 1996, welfare assistance was "once considered an open-ended right," but welfare reform converted it "into a finite program built to provide short-term cash assistance and steer people quickly into jobs. " Prior to reform, states were given "limitless" money by the federal government, increasing per family on welfare, under the 60-year-old Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program.
  • This gave states no incentive to direct welfare funds to the neediest recipients or to encourage individuals to go off welfare benefits (the state lost federal money when someone left the system).
  • Describe the features of the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 under President Bill Clinton

• Promoting Public Welfare and Income Redistribution

  • Social welfare programs seek to provide basic social protections for all Americans.
  • The United States has a long political history of seeking to implement policy to promote public welfare.
  • One of the most well-known initiatives to improve public welfare in times of need was President Franklin D.
  • Current American politicians also attempt to ensure that programs exist to promote public welfare.
  • Social Security exists to this day as a federal program to promote public welfare.

• Gains from Markets

  • Gains in a market are referred to as total welfare or economic surplus.
  • Gains within a market are referred to as total welfare or economic surplus.
  • Within total welfare, economists look at consumer surplus and producer surplus .
  • In order to calculate the total welfare, the supply and demand of the good must be used to determine the economic gain.
  • The total welfare (or economic surplus) is the sum of the consumer surplus and the producer surplus.

• A Halfway Revolution

  • In 2002, total U.S. social welfare expenditure constitutes roughly 35% of GDP, with purely public expenditure constituting 21%, publicly supported but privately provided welfare services constituting 10% of GDP, and purely private services constituting 4% of GDP.
  • This compared to France and Sweden with welfare spending ranges from 30% to 35% of GDP.
  • The American welfare state was designed to address market shortcomings and do what private enterprises cannot or will not do themselves.
  • Unlike welfare states built on social democracy foundations, the United State's welfare state was not designed to promote a redistribution of political power from capital to labor; nor was it designed to mediate class struggle.
  • The welfare state, whether through charitable redistribution or regulation that favors smaller players, is motivated by reciprocal altruism.

• Why Governments Intervene In Markets

  • Another example of intervention to promote social welfare involves public goods.
  • Government often try, through taxation and welfare programs, to reallocate financial resources from the wealthy to those that are most in need.
  • Former President signing a welfare reform bill.
  • Welfare programs are one way governments intervene in markets.

• Evaluating GDP as a Measure of the Economy

  • Gross domestic product (GDP) due to its relative ease of calculation and definition, has become a standard metric in the discussion of economic welfare, growth and prosperity.
  • "Economic welfare cannot be adequately measured unless the personal distribution of income is known.
  • The welfare of a nation can, therefore, scarcely be inferred from a measurement of national income. "
  • The sensitivities related to social welfare has continued the argument specific to the use of GDP as a economic growth or progress metric.
  • However, a qualitative assessment would likely value the latter country compared to the former on a welfare or quality of life basis .