thermodynamic
(adjective)
Relating to the conversion of heat into other forms of energy.
Examples of thermodynamic in the following topics:
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The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that systems in thermal equilibrium are at the same temperature.
- There are a few ways to state the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, but the simplest is as follows: systems that are in thermal equilibrium exist at the same temperature.
- What the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics means is that temperature is something worth measuring, because it indicates whether heat will move between objects.
- However, according to the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, if the systems are in thermal equilibrium, no heat flow will take place.
- There are more formal ways to state the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, which is commonly stated in the following manner:
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A Review of the Zeroth Law
- Zeroth law justifies the use of thermodynamic temperature, defined as the shared temperature of three designated systems at equilibrium.
- This law was postulated in the 1930s, after the first and second laws of thermodynamics had been developed and named.
- This conclusion may seem obvious, because all three have the same temperature, but zeroth law is basic to thermodynamics.
- A brief introduction to the zeroth and 1st laws of thermodynamics as well as PV diagrams for students.
- Discuss how the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics justifies the use of thermodynamic temperature
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The Second Law
- The second law of thermodynamics states that heat transfer occurs spontaneously only from higher to lower temperature bodies.
- The second law of thermodynamics deals with the direction taken by spontaneous processes.
- The law that forbids these processes is called the second law of thermodynamics .
- A brief introduction to heat engines and thermodynamic concepts such as the Carnot Engine for students.
- Contrast the concept of irreversibility between the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
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The First Law
- The 1st law of thermodynamics states that internal energy change of a system equals net heat transfer minus net work done by the system.
- The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy specialized for thermodynamic systems.
- In equation form, the first law of thermodynamics is
- In this video I continue with my series of tutorial videos on Thermal Physics and Thermodynamics.
- Explain how the net heat transferred and net work done in a system relate to the first law of thermodynamics
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LTE
- An extremely useful assumption is that the matter is in thermal equilibrium at least locally (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium).
- In this case the ratio of the number of atoms in the various states is determined by the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium
- Because the source function equals the blackbody function, does this mean that sources in local thermodynamic equilibrium emit blackbody radiation?
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Work
- In thermodynamics, work performed by a closed system is the energy transferred to another system that is measured by mechanical constraints on the system .
- Thermodynamic work encompasses mechanical work (gas expansion, ) plus many other types of work, such as electrical.
- As such, thermodynamic work is a generalization of the concept of mechanical work in mechanics.
- It necessarily excludes energy transferred between systems as heat, which is modeled distinctly in thermodynamics.
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The Third Law
- According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly equal to zero.
- The third law of thermodynamics is sometimes stated as follows: The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly equal to zero.
- Absolute value of entropy can be determined shown here, thanks to the third law of thermodynamics.
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Absolute Temperature
- Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature.
- It is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics and kinetic theory of gases.
- Thermodynamic temperature is an "absolute" scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature: its null or zero point ("absolute zero") is the temperature at which the particle constituents of matter have minimal motion and cannot become any colder.
- By using the absolute temperature scale (Kelvin system), which is the most commonly used thermodynamic temperature, we have shown that the average translational kinetic energy (KE) of a particle in a gas has a simple relationship to the temperature:
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Kelvin Scale
- The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using absolute zero as its null point.
- In the classical description of thermodynamics, absolute zero is the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases.
- The kelvin is defined as the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (exactly 0.01°C, or 32.018°F).
- A brief introduction to temperature and temperature scales for students studying thermal physics or thermodynamics.
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Isothermal Processes
- An isothermal process is a change of a thermodynamic system, in which the temperature remains constant.
- In thermodynamics, the work involved when a gas changes from state A to state B is simply
- From the first law of thermodynamics, it follows that $Q =-W$ for this same isothermal process.