pneumotaxic center

Examples of pneumotaxic center in the following topics:

• Pons

  • Within the pons is the pneumotaxic center, a nucleus that regulates the change from inspiration to expiration.
  • The pons also contains the sleep paralysis center of the brain and also plays a role in generating dreams.

• Proprioceptor Regulation of Breathing

  • The pneumotaxic center of the pons sends signals to inhibit the apneustic center of the pons, so it doesn't activate the inspiratory area (the dorsal medulla), and the inspiratory signals that are sent to the diaphragm and accessory muscles stop.

• Role of the Cardiovascular Center

  • Located in the medulla oblongata, the cardiovascular center  contains three distinct components: the cardioaccelerator center, the cardioinhibitor center, and the vasomotor center.
  • The vasomotor center controls vessel tone or contraction of the smooth muscle in the tunica media.
  • Although each center functions independently, they are not anatomically distinct.
  • The cardiovascular center can respond to numerous stimuli.
  • Explain the role of the cardiovascular center in controlling blood pressure

• Neural Mechanisms (Respiratory Center)

  • The medulla oblongata is the primary respiratory control center.
  • The pons is the other respiratory center and is located underneath the medulla.
  • The apneustic center sends signals for inspiration for long and deep breaths.
  • Its signals limit the activity of the phrenic nerve and inhibits the signals of the apneustic center.
  • Describe the neural mechanism of the respiratory center in respiration control

• Short-Term Neural Control

  • Neural regulation of blood pressure is achieved through the role of cardiovascular centers and baroreceptor stimulation.
  • The primary regulatory sites include the cardiovascular centers in the brain that control both cardiac and vascular functions.
  • Neurological regulation of blood pressure and flow depends on the cardiovascular centers located in the medulla oblongata.
  • They send impulses to the cardiovascular center to regulate blood pressure.
  • Describe the role of baroreceptors and cardiovascular centers (ANS) in blood pressure control

• Control of Autonomic Nervous System Function

  • The medulla oblongata, in the lower half of the brainstem, is the control center of the autonomic nervous system.
  • The medulla's main functions are to control the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers, to mediate autonomic, involuntary functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, and to regulate reflex actions such as coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and swallowing.
  • The medulla is a subregion of the brainstem and is a major control center for the autonomic nervous system.

• Thalamus

  • The thalamus is a small structure in the center of the brain that acts as a relay center for sensory and motor information.

• The Brain

  • The human brain is the center of the human nervous system.
  • The amygdala is the center for danger identification, a fundamental part of self-preservation.
  • The thalamus is perched on top of the brainstem near the center of the brain, with nerve fibers projecting out to the cerebral cortex in all directions.
  • When the physical symptoms of emotion appear, the threat they pose returns to the limbic centers via the hypothalamus, then to the prefrontal nuclei, increasing anxiety.

• Autonomic Reflexes

  • The medulla's major ANS functions include respiration (the respiratory control center, or RCC), cardiac regulation (the cardiac control center, or CCC), vasomotor activity (the vasomotor center or VMC), and certain reflex actions (such as coughing, sneezing, vomiting and swallowing).

• Chemoreceptor Regulation of Breathing

  • The action potential is sent along nerve pathways to parts of the brain, which are the integrating centers for this type of feedback.
  • For the respiratory rate, the chemoreceptors are the sensors for blood pH, the medulla and pons form the integrating center, and the respiratory muscles are the effector.
  • The chemoreceptors are the sensors for blood pH, the medulla and pons form the integrating center, and the respiratory muscles are the effector.