Motherhood Penalty

Examples of Motherhood Penalty in the following topics:

• Gender

  • The most common explanation for the wage gap between men and women is the finding that women pay a motherhood penalty, regardless of whether or not they are actually mothers.

• Social and Psychological Differences

  • The most common explanation for the wage gap between men and women is the finding that women pay a motherhood wage penalty, regardless of whether or not they are actually mothers.
  • Thus, women pay a penalty for their ability to give birth.

• The Death Penality

  • In many countries that use the death penalty, drug trafficking is also a capital offense.
  • In China, human trafficking and serious cases of corruption are punished by the death penalty.
  • Supporters of the death penalty argue that the death penalty is morally justified when applied in murder, especially with aggravating elements, such as multiple homicide, child murder, torture murder, and mass killing including terrorism or genocide.
  • Some even argue that not applying the death penalty in latter cases are patently unjust.
  • Supporters of the death penalty, especially those who do not believe in the deterrent effect of the death penalty, say the threat of the death penalty could be used to urge capital defendants to plead guilty, testify against accomplices, or disclose the location of the victim's body.

• Formal Means of Control

  • When the state kills Katie, it is enacting its authority to use the death penalty to protect society.
  • The mechanisms utilized by the state as means of formal social control span the gamut from the death penalty to curfew laws.
  • From a legal perspective, sanctions are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or rules and regulations.
  • When the state kills Katie, it is enacting its authority to use the death penalty to protect society.

• Child Rearing

  • The ideology of "motherhood" portrays mothers as the ultimate caregivers.

• The Feminist Perspective

• The Feminization of Poverty

  • The responsibilities associated with motherhood further limit women's economic attainment.

• Unmarried Mothers

• Childless Couples

  • Childless women in the developed world often express the view that women ultimately have to make a choice between motherhood and having a career.

• Homophobia

  • In October, 2009, a member of the Ugandan Parliament introduced the Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Bill to broaden the criminalization of same-sex relationships and apply the death penalty to repeat offenders.
  • The bill also created a public policing policy under which Ugandan citizens would be required to report any homosexual activity within 24 hours or face a maximum penalty of three years in prison.