Chapter 3
Visualizing Data
By Boundless
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17978/square/eference-by-age-and-gender.jpg)
Cross tabulation (or crosstabs for short) is a statistical process that summarizes categorical data to create a contingency table.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17960/square/ch2-hist-1.jpg)
To draw a histogram, one must decide how many intervals represent the data, the width of the intervals, and the starting point for the first interval.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17959/raw/lack-cherry-tree-histogram.jpg)
A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17961/square/on-of-1d-histogram-and-kde.jpg)
Density estimation is the construction of an estimate based on observed data of an unobservable, underlying probability density function.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/18394/square/penelement-fieldelemformat-gif.gif)
A variable is any characteristic, number, or quantity that can be measured or counted.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17977/square/3464814231-72beee0bb9.jpeg)
Controlling for a variable is a method to reduce the effect of extraneous variations that may also affect the value of the dependent variable.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17981/square/j.r.microscop.soc.1887p193.jpg)
Selective breeding is a field concerned with testing hypotheses and theories of evolution by using controlled experiments.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17950/raw/quality-characteristic-xxx.jpg)
Statistical graphics allow results to be displayed in some sort of pictorial form and include scatter plots, histograms, and box plots.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17754/square/ab-1-stem-and-leaf-display.jpg)
A stem-and-leaf display presents quantitative data in a graphical format to assist in visualizing the shape of a distribution.
A graph is a representation of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are connected by links.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17753/square/meter-output-and-met-value.jpeg)
A plot is a graphical technique for representing a data set, usually as a graph showing the relationship between two or more variables.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/18390/raw/slope-picture.jpg)
The concepts of slope and intercept are essential to understand in the context of graphing data.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/18392/square/07-01-20at-2010.30.44-20am.jpeg)
A line graph is a type of chart which displays information as a series of data points connected by straight line segments.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/17752/raw/funcionlineal01.jpg)
In statistics, linear regression can be used to fit a predictive model to an observed data set of
- The Histogram
- Graphing Data