The Middle Passage

(noun)

The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

Examples of The Middle Passage in the following topics:

  • The Middle Passage

    • The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade where millions of enslaved people from Africa were shipped to the New World.
    • The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of enslaved people from Africa were shipped to the New World for sale .
    • During the Middle Passage voyage, disease (especially dysentery and scurvy) and starvation were the major killers on the slave ships.
    • Slaves resisted in a variety of ways during the Middle Passage, usually by refusing to eat or committing suicide.
    • Africans were in turn brought to the regions depicted in blue, in what became known as the Middle Passage.

  • The Triangular Trade

    • The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade where millions of enslaved people from Africa were shipped to the New World for sale.
    • An estimated 15% of African slaves died during the Middle Passage; historians estimate that the total number of African deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is approximately two million.
    • During the Middle Passage voyage, disease (especially dysentery and scurvy) and starvation were the major killers on the slave ships.
    • While the treatment of slaves on the Middle Passage varied by ship and voyage, it was often horrific.
    • Slaves resisted in a variety of ways during the Middle Passage, usually by refusing to eat or committing suicide.

  • The Federal Reserve Act

    • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913.
    • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913, as an attempt to carve out a middle ground between conservative Republicans, led by Senator Nelson W.
    • Aldrich, and the powerful left wing of the Democratic party, led by William Jennings Bryan over the banking issue.
    • The decision to create twelve regional banks was meant to weaken the influence of the powerful New York banks, a key demand of Bryan's allies in the South and West.
    • Despite the fact that the Act intended to diminish the influence of the New York banks, the New York branch continued to dominate the Federal Reserve until the New Deal reorganized and strengthened the Federal Reserve in the 1930s.

  • The Women's Rights Movement

    • In contrast to other organizations, such as the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which focused on lobbying individual states (and from which the NWP split), the NWP put its priority on the passage of a constitutional amendment ensuring women's suffrage.
    • Alice Paul and Lucy Burns founded the organization originally under the name the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage in 1913; by 1917, the name had been changed to the National Women's Party.
    • After the ratification of the nineteenth amendment in 1920, the NWP turned its attention to eliminating other forms of gender discrimination, principally by advocating passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, which Paul drafted in 1923.
    • The NWP spoke for middle-class women, and its agenda was generally opposed by working class women and by the labor unions that represented working class men who feared low-wage women workers would lower the overall pay scale and demean the role of the male breadwinner.
    • Alice Paul founded the NWP, the leading women's rights organization throughout the 1920s.

  • Wilsonian Progressivism

    • Leading the Congress, now in Democratic hands, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933.
    • Through passage of the Adamson Act, imposing an 8-hour workday for railroads, he averted a railroad strike and an ensuing economic crisis.
    • Wilson's tariff reform was largely achieved through the passage of the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913.
    • It was also aided through the passage of the Federal Farm Loan Act, (1916), which set up Farm Loan Banks to support farmers.
    • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913, as an attempt to carve out a middle ground between conservative Republicans, led by Senator Nelson W.

  • Women's Rights after Suffrage

    • In contrast to other organizations, such as the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which focused on lobbying individual states, the NWP put its priority on passage of a constitutional amendment ensuring suffrage.
    • The resulting scandal, at a time when Wilson was trying to present himself and America as being at the forefront of human rights, may have contributed to his decision to publicly call for passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, the Suffrage Amendment.
    • After its ratification, the NWP’s attention turned to eliminating other forms of gender discrimination, principally by advocating passage of the Equal Rights Amendment drafted by Alice Paul in 1923.
    • The NWP spoke for middle-class women, while its agenda was generally opposed by working class women and labor unions representing working class men who feared that women working for low wages bring down the overall pay scale and demean the role of the male breadwinner.
    • In 1921, Sanger founded the American Birth Control League (ABCL) to enlarge the base of supporters to include the middle class.

  • Treaty of Paris

    • However, the transfer had occurred the prior year in the Treaty of Fontainebleau and was not publicly announced until 1764 .
    • The Treaty of Paris was to give Britain the east side of the Mississippi.
    • French territories on the continent of America; it is agreed, that, for the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannick Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of this river, and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea; and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right, and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of the Mobile, and everything which he possesses, or ought to possess, on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall remain to France, provided that the navigation of the river Mississippi shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its source to the sea, and expressly that part which is between the said island of New Orleans and the right bank of that river, as well as the passage both in and out of its mouth: It is farther stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment of any duty whatsoever.
    • The stipulations inserted in the IVth article, in favour of the inhabitants of Canada shall also take place with regard to the inhabitants of the countries ceded by this article.
    • This map depicts the competing sides of the Seven Years War.

  • The Camp David Accords

    • The Camp David Accords were part of the Middle East peace process through comprehensive, multi-lateral negotiations.
    • However, little progress was achieved on A Framework for Peace in the Middle East, the first framework to deal with the Palestinian territories.
    • There were two 1978 Camp David agreements: A Framework for Peace in the Middle East and A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel, the second leading towards the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty signed in March 1979.
    • Israel agreed to withdraw its armed forces from the Sinai, evacuate its 4,500 civilian inhabitants, and restore it to Egypt in return for normal diplomatic relations with Egypt, guarantees of freedom of passage through the Suez Canal and other nearby waterways (such as the Straits of Tiran), and a restriction on the forces Egypt could place on the Sinai peninsula, especially within 20–40 km from Israel.
    • Describe the elements of the Framework for Peace in the Middle East and the Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel.

  • The French Empire

    • The search for a Northwest Passage to Asia and the burgeoning fur trade in Europe, drove the French to explore and settle North America.
    • Lawrence River Region had neither abundant gold nor a northwest passage to Asia.
    • From the middle of the 15th century forward, France tried to establish several colonies throughout North America that failed due to weather, disease, or conflict with other European powers.
    • Control of many of these islands was contested between the French, the British, and the Dutch.
    • Nicknamed the Pearl of the Antilles, Saint-Domingue became the richest colony in the Caribbean until a 1791 slave revolt, which began the Haitian Revolution, led to freedom for the colony's slaves in 1794.

  • European Empires in North America

    • British exploration of the New World centered on searching for a northwest passage through the continent.
    • In 1611, Hudson discovered a strait and immense bay on his final expedition while searching for the Northwest Passage.
    • The search for a northwest passage to Asia and the burgeoning fur trade in Europe drove the French to explore and settle North America.
    • Lawrence River region had neither abundant gold nor a northwest passage to Asia.
    • From the middle of the 15th century forward, France tried to establish several other colonies throughout North America that failed due to weather, disease, or conflict with other European powers.