aliphatic

Examples of aliphatic in the following topics:

• Reaction of Amines with Nitrous Acid

  • Nitrous acid (HNO2 or HONO) reacts with aliphatic amines in a fashion that provides a useful test for distinguishing primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
  • The reactions of nitrous acid with 1°- and 2°- aliphatic amines may be explained by considering their behavior with the nitrosonium cation, NO(+), an electrophilic species present in acidic nitrous acid solutions.
  • The distinct behavior of 1º, 2º & 3º-aliphatic amines is an instructive challenge to our understanding of their chemistry, but is of little importance as a synthetic tool.
  • Loss of nitrogen is slower than in aliphatic 1º-amines because the C-N bond is stronger, and aryl carbocations are comparatively unstable.
  • 2º-Aryl amines give N-nitrosamine derivatives on reaction with nitrous acid, and thus behave identically to their aliphatic counterparts.

• Introduction to Hydrocarbons

  • This class can be further divided into two groups: aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be classified based on the structure and bonding of the carbon skeleton into one of three groups: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

• Alkanes

  • The alkanes and cycloalkanes are also members of a larger class of compounds referred to as aliphatic.
  • Simply put, aliphatic compounds are compounds that do not incorporate any aromatic rings in their molecular structure.

• Characteristics of Condensation Polymers

  • The difference in Tg and Tm between the first polyester (completely aliphatic) and the two nylon polyamides (5th & 6th entries) shows the effect of intra-chain hydrogen bonding on crystallinity.

• Benzene and other Aromatic Compounds

  • Surprisingly, products that appeared to retain many of the double bonds were obtained, and these compounds exhibited a high degree of chemical stability compared with known alkenes and cycloalkenes (aliphatic compounds).

• The Chemical Shift

  • To make use of a calculator that predicts aliphatic proton chemical shifts, click on the following link (http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/NMR/H1pred.html).

• Sigmatropic Rearrangements

  • Reaction 5 is an aliphatic analog in which a vinyl group replaces the aromatic ring.

• Amines

  • Aliphatic amines, which are amines connected to an alkyl chain, display solubility in organic polar solvents.

• Carbonyl Compounds

  • This pathway is not available to most aliphatic ketones, so their intersystem crossing rates from n → π* singlets to triplets are slow.
  • Type II cleavage is also possible from a singlet n → π* state, and is often observed with aliphatic ketones due to their inefficient intersystem crossing.

• Five-Membered Rings

  • The benzoin condensation is limited to aromatic aldehydes, but the use of thiazolium catalysts has proven broadly effective for aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes.