altruism

Examples of altruism in the following topics:

• Altruism: Helping

  • Altruism, often referred to as selflessness, is the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others.
  • Specifically, altruism is the desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping.
  • The empathy-altruism hypothesis states that psychological altruism does exist and is evoked by the empathic desire to help someone who is suffering.
  • Helping the homeless can be an example of empathic altruism or social responsibility—the helper doesn't get anything in return.
  • Distinguish among the social-exchange theory, the reciprocity norm, and the empathy-altruism hypothesis of altruism

• Cooperation Among Microorganisms

  • Cooperative behavior, includes mutualism and altruism, benefits one party while the other performs a certain behavior.
  • In microbial systems, there are two main types of cooperation, altruism and mutualism.
  • Altruism is a relationship between microorganisms that is beneficial to one party, but harmful to the the (+/-).

• Altruism and Populations

  • However, these behaviors may not be truly defined as altruism in these cases because the actor is actually increasing its own fitness either directly (through its own offspring) or indirectly (through the inclusive fitness it gains through relatives that share genes with it).
  • This behavior is still not necessarily altruism, as the "giving" behavior of the actor is based on the expectation that it will be the "receiver" of the behavior in the future; a concept termed reciprocal altruism.
  • Reciprocal altruism requires that individuals repeatedly encounter each other, often the result of living in the same social group, and that cheaters (those that never "give back") are punished.
  • The definition of "pure" altruism, based on human behavior, is an action that benefits another without any direct benefit to oneself.

• Gamification in Education

  • Gamification techniques are used to leverage natural desires for competition, achievement, status, self-expression, altruism, and closure.

• Introduction to Motivation

  • According to various theories, motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure; or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting; or a desired object, goal, state of being, or ideal; or it may be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism, selfishness, morality, or avoiding mortality.

• Rational Decision Making

  • The rational-decision-making model does not consider factors that cannot be quantified, such as ethical concerns or the value of altruism.

• Behavioral Economics: Irrational Actions

  • Studies interactive learning, social preferences, altruism, framing, and fairness.

• Economic Aid and Sanctions

  • Humanitarianism and altruism are, nevertheless, significant motivations for the giving of aid.
  • Aid is seldom given from motives of pure altruism; instead, it is often used as a tool of foreign policy.

• The Impending Crisis

  • Instead, Helper articulated an empirical analysis designed to appeal to the economic and social interests of whites, rather than altruism towards blacks.

• Reinforcement Theory

  • For example, reinforcement theory cannot explain altruism, an instance in which an individual may act to their own detriment in order to help another.