Examples of Experimental in the following topics:
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- This is to satisfy safety procedures for investigation and experimentation section based on MSDE & NGSS.
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- Experimental epidemiology uses an experimental model to confirm a causal relationship suggested by observational studies.
- Epidemiologists employ a range of study designs from the observational to experimental and they are generally categorized as descriptive, analytic (aiming to further examine known associations or hypothesized relationships), and experimental (a term often equated with clinical or community trials of treatments and other interventions).
- Controversially, in experimental studies, the epidemiologist is the one in control of all of the factors entering a certain case study.
- Experimental epidemiology tests a hypothesis about a disease or disease treatment in a group of people.
- Summarize the purpose of experimental epidemiology and the three case types: randomized control, field and community trial
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- Experimental design is the design of studies where variation, which may or may not be under full control of the experimenter, is present.
- Other variables, which may not be readily obvious, may interfere with the experimental design.
- In general usage, design of experiments or experimental design is the design of any information-gathering exercises where variation is present, whether under the full control of the experimenter or not.
- In the design of experiments, the experimenter is often interested in the effect of some process or intervention (the "treatment") on some objects (the "experimental units"), which may be people, parts of people, groups of people, plants, animals, etc.
- Fisher in his innovative books The Arrangement of Field Experiments (1926) and The Design of Experiments (1935).
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- Experiments are tests designed to prove or disprove a hypothesis by controlling for pertinent variables.
- To conduct an experiment, a scientist must be able to control experimental conditions so that only the variable being studied changes.
- The other is the experimental culture and it will be subjected to a treatment, such as an antibiotic.
- This is done through the introduction of an experimental control: two virtually identical experiments are run, in only one of which the factor being tested is varied.
- Direct experimentation is thus fairly rare in sociology.
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- Many different models are used to study ecosystem dynamics, including holistic, experimental, conceptual, analytical, and simulation models.
- Some ecologists study ecosystems using controlled experimental systems, while some study entire ecosystems in their natural state; others use both approaches.
- Experimental systems usually involve either partitioning a part of a natural ecosystem that can be used for experiments, termed a mesocosm, or by re-creating an ecosystem entirely in an indoor or outdoor laboratory environment, which is referred to as a microcosm .
- Scientists use the data generated by these experimental studies to develop ecosystem models that demonstrate the structure and dynamics of ecosystems.
- Analytical and simulation models are mathematical methods of describing ecosystems that are capable of predicting the effects of potential environmental changes without direct experimentation, although with limitations in accuracy.
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- Descriptive research refers to the measurement of behaviors and attributes through observation rather than through experimental testing.
- Often a researcher will begin with a non-experimental approach, such as a descriptive study, to gather more information about the topic before designing an experiment or correlational study to address a specific hypothesis.
- Experimental research goes a step further beyond descriptive and correlational research and randomly assigns people to different conditions, using hypothesis testing to make inferences about how these conditions affect behavior.
- Correlational and experimental research both typically use hypothesis testing, whereas descriptive research does not.
- Although case studies cannot be generalized to the overall population (as can experimental research), nor can they provide predictive power (as can correlational research), they can provide extensive information for the development of new hypotheses for future testing and provide information about a rare or otherwise difficult-to-study event or condition.
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- A psychologist can use experimental research to test a specific hypothesis by measuring and manipulating variables.
- In an experimental study, the independent variable is the factor that the experimenter controls and manipulates.
- The basic steps of experimental design are:
- Additionally, because experimental research relies on controlled, artificial environments, it can at times be difficult to generalize to real world situations, depending on the experiment's design and sample size.
- Compare the role of the independent and dependent variable in experimental design
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- Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated.
- Experiments vary greatly in their goal and scale, but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results in a method called the scientific method .
- Experiments can vary from personal and informal (e.g. tasting a range of chocolates to find a favorite), to highly controlled (e.g. tests requiring a complex apparatus overseen by many scientists that hope to discover information about subatomic particles).
- A controlled experiment generally compares the results obtained from an experimental sample against a control sample, which is practically identical to the experimental sample except for the one aspect whose effect is being tested (the independent variable).
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- However, the experimenter does not know and asks Mr.
- The experimenter will do a significance test based on the binomial distribution.
- Therefore, the experimenter will determine how many times Mr.
- For the same reason, the following example assumes the experimenter knows the population variance.
- Assume that although the experimenter does not know it, the population mean for the new method is 80.