William Graham Sumner

Examples of William Graham Sumner in the following topics:

• Folkways and Mores

  • William Graham Sumner , an early U.S. sociologist, recognized that some norms are more important to our lives than others.
  • Sumner coined the term mores to refer to norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
  • Sumner also coined the term folkway to refer to norms for more routine or casual interaction.

• Social Darwinism in America

  • Youmans, William Graham Sumner, John Fiske, John W.
  • In 1883, William Graham Sumner published a highly influential pamphlet entitled What Social Classes Owe to Each Other, in which he insisted that the social classes owe each other nothing, synthesizing Darwin's findings with free enterprise capitalism for his justification.
  • According to Sumner, those who feel an obligation to provide assistance to those unequipped or under-equipped to compete for survival, will lead to a country in which the weak and inferior are encouraged to breed more like them, eventually dragging the country down.
  • Sumner also believed that the best equipped to win the struggle for survival was the American businessman, and concluded that taxes and regulations serve as dangers to his survival.

• Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism

  • Ethnocentrism, a term coined by William Graham Sumner, is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of your own ethnic culture and the belief that that is in fact the "right" way to look at the world.

• Ethnocentrism & Cultural Relativism

  • The term was coined by William Graham Sumner, a social evolutionist and professor of Political and Social Science at Yale University.

• The Social Problem

  • This new concept justified the stratification of the wealthy and poor and coined the term "survival of the fittest. " Joining Spencer was Yale University professor William Graham Sumner, whose book What Social Classes Owe to Each Other (which was first published in 1884) argued that assistance to the poor actually weakens their ability to survive in society.
  • Sumner argued for a laissez-faire and free-market economy.

• The Development of Sociology in the U.S.

  • Though originated by Spencer, these ideas were advanced in the United States by William Graham Sumner, an economist and sociologist at Yale.
  • Ward disagreed with Spencer and Sumner and, in contrast to their laissez-faire approach, promoted active intervention.

• Social Justice

  • In Dynamic Sociology (1883), Lester Frank Ward laid out the philosophical foundations of the Progressive movement and attacked the laissez-faire policies advocated by Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, while Thorstein Veblen's The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) attacked the "conspicuous consumption" of the wealthy.

• Conclusion: Trends of the Gilded Age

  • Joining Spencer was Yale University professor William Graham Sumner whose book What Social Classes Owe to Each Other (1884) argued that assistance to the poor actually weakens their ability to survive in society.
  • Sumner argued for a laissez-faire and free-market economy.

• Abolitionists and the American Ideal

  • The white abolitionist movement in the North was led by social reformers, especially William Lloyd Garrison, founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
  • The notorious confrontation between Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina and Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner illustrates the contempt between extremists on both sides.
  • The “Caning of Sumner” in May 1856 followed a speech given by Sumner two days earlier, in which he condemned slavery in no uncertain terms, declaring: “[Admitting Kansas as a slave state] is the rape of a virgin territory, compelling it to the hateful embrace of slavery; and it may be clearly traced to a depraved longing for a new slave state, the hideous offspring of such a crime, in the hope of adding to the power of slavery in the national government.”
  • Sumner criticized proslavery legislators, particularly attacking a fellow senator and relative of Preston Brooks.
  • Brooks responded by beating Sumner with a cane, a thrashing that southerners celebrated as a defense of gentlemanly honor and their way of life.

• The Battle of Fredericksburg

  • He replaced Major General Don Carlos Buell with Major General William S.
  • On December 13, the "grand division" of Major General William B.
  • Sumner and Joseph Hooker to make multiple frontal assaults against Lieutenant General James Longstreet's position on Marye's Heights, all of which were repulsed with heavy losses.
  • Battle of Fredericksburg: The Army of the Potomac crossing the Rappahannock in the morning of December 13, 1862, under the command of Generals Burnside, Sumner, Hooker, and Franklin