ATP synthase

(noun)

an important enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine diphosphate into adenosine triphosphate.

Related Terms

Examples of ATP synthase in the following topics:

  • F10 ATP Synthase

    • ATP synthase is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
    • The overall reaction sequence is: ATP synthase + ADP + Pi → ATP Synthase + ATP
    • Oligomycin, an antibiotic, is able to inhibit the FO unit of ATP synthase.
    • E. coli ATP synthase is the simplest known form of ATP synthase, with 8 different subunit types.
    • Discuss the structure and function of ATP synthase, including the F1 and FO components

  • Respiration and Proton Motive Force

    • Aerobic reactions require oxygen for ATP generation.
    • They are able to do this with the help of the solar-driven enzyme bacteriorhodopsin, which is used to drive the molecular motor enzyme ATP synthase to make the necessary conformational changes required to synthesize ATP.
    • By running ATP synthase in reverse, proton gradients are also made by bacteria and are used to drive flagella.
    • The F1FO ATP synthase is a reversible enzyme.
    • In respiring bacteria under physiological conditions, ATP synthase, in general, runs in the opposite direction.

  • Proton Reduction

    • This potential energy is used for the synthesis of ATP by phosphorylation.
    • In respiring bacteria under physiological conditions, ATP synthase, in general, runs in the opposite direction, creating ATP while using the proton motive force created by the electron transport chain as a source of energy.
    • The same process takes place in the mitochondria, where ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, so that F1 part sticks into the mitochondrial matrix where ATP synthesis takes place.
    • A proton motive force or pmf drives protons down the gradient (across the membrane) through the proton channel of ATP synthase.
    • Instead, it only uses substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP.

  • Photoautotrophs and Photoheterotrophs

    • Phototrophs are organisms that use light as their source of energy to produce ATP and carry out various cellular processes.
    • All phototrophs either use electron transport chain or direct proton pumping to establish an electro-chemical gradient utilized by ATP synthase to provide molecular energy for the cell.
    • Photoheterotrophs produce ATP through photophosphorylation but use environmentally obtained organic compounds to build structures and other bio-molecules.

  • Nanoarchaeum and Aciduliprofundum

    • The organism's ability to produce its own ATP is also in question.
    • It does have five subunits of an ATP synthase as well as pathways for oxidative deamination.
    • Whether it obtains energy from biological molecules imported from Ignicoccus, or whether it receives ATP directly is currently unknown.

  • Energy Conservation and Autotrophy in Archaea

    • The energy released generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through chemiosmosis in the same basic process that happens in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells.
    • The energy stored in these electrochemical gradients is then converted into ATP by ATP synthase.

  • Bacteriorhodopsin

    • Chemiosmotic coupling between sun energy, bacteriorhodopsin and phosphorylation by ATP synthase (chemical energy) during photosynthesis in Halobacterium salinarum (syn.

  • Habitats and Energy Metabolism of Crenarchaeota

    • The energy released generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through chemiosmosis, in the same basic process that happens in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells.
    • Phototrophic archaea use light to produce chemical energy in the form of ATP.
    • The energy stored in these electrochemical gradients is then converted into ATP by ATP synthase (photophosphorylation).

  • The Reverse TCA Cycle

    • ATP citrate lyase is one of the key enzymes that function in reverse TCA.
    • ATP citrate lyase is the enzyme responsible for cleaving citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.
    • 4) succinate is converted to succinyl-CoA (ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP+Pi)
    • 5) succincyl CoA is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate via an alpha-ketoglutarate synthase (reduction of carbon dioxide occurs and oxidation of coenzyme A)
    • 8) ATP citrate lyase is then used to convert citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA (ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi).

  • Purine and Pyrimidine Synthesis

    • UDP can also be converted to CTP by CTP synthase cytidine 5'triphosphate (CTP)using glutamine and ATP.The first three enzymes are all coded by the same gene in Metazoa (CAD).
    • CTP synthase (or CTP synthetase) is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.
    • CTP synthase is activated by GTP, a purine.
    • CTP synthase is inhibited by reversible by CTP and irreversible for example by the glutamine analogon DON.
    • The following human genes encode proteins that possess CTP synthase activity: