catalyzes

(adjective)

Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself.

Related Terms

Examples of catalyzes in the following topics:

  • Enzymes Used in Industry

    • Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze (increase the rates of) chemical reactions.
    • Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze (increase the rates of) chemical reactions.
    • Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable un-catalyzed reactions.
    • A few RNA molecules called ribozymes also catalyze reactions, with an important example being some parts of the ribosome.
    • In baking, they catalyze the breakdown of starch in the flour to sugar.

  • Organic Acid Metabolism

    • Degradation of formate is then catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which oxidizes formate to ultimately yield CO2.
    • This process requires the β-oxidation pathway, a cyclic process that catalyzes the sequential shortening of fatty acid acyl chains to the final product, acetyl-CoA.
    • Fatty acid chains are converted to enoyl-CoA (catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase).

  • Oxidoreductase Protein Complexes

    • In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another.
    • In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor.
    • For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase: A– + B → A + B–.

  • Elements of Life

    • In such a reducing atmosphere, electrical activity can catalyze the creation of certain basic small molecules (monomers) of life, like amino acids.
    • Using this apparatus, and using conditions thought to approximate the conditions on pre-biotic earth, they were able to catalyze the molecules of life like amino acids.

  • The Stringent Response

    • Chemical reaction catalyzed by RelA: $ATP + GTP \rightarrow AMP + pppGpp$

  • Biosynthesis of Tetrapyrroles

    • ., the iron(III) chloride complex (TPPFeCl), catalyze a variety of reactions in organic synthesis.
    • For example, complexes of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, e.g., the iron(III) chloride complex (TPPFeCl), catalyze a variety of reactions of potential interest in organic synthesis.

  • Diphtheria

    • The acidity of the endosome causes fragment B to create pores in the endosome membrane, thereby catalyzing the release of fragment A into the cell's cytoplasm.
    • It does this by catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor EF-2—a protein that is essential to the translation step of protein synthesis.

  • Purine and Pyrimidine Synthesis

    • In Fungi, a similar protein exists but lacks the dihydroorotase function: another protein catalyzes the second step.
    • The first committed step is the reaction of PRPP, glutamine and water to 5'-phosphoribosylamine, glutamate, and pyrophosphate - catalyzed by pyrophosphate amidotransferase, which is activated by PRPP and inhibited by AMP, GMP and IMP.
    • In Fungi, a similar protein exists but lacks the dihydroorotase function: another protein catalyzes the second step.

  • Fermented Foods

    • Historically, when studying the fermentation of sugar to alcohol by yeast, Louis Pasteur concluded that the fermentation was catalyzed by a vital force, called "ferments," within the yeast cells.

  • Control of Transcription in Archaea

    • Other characteristic archaean features are the organization of genes of related function—such as enzymes that catalyze steps in the same metabolic pathway into novel operons, and large differences in tRNA genes and their aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.