Chronic granulomatous disease

Examples of Chronic granulomatous disease in the following topics:

• Predisposing Factors

  • The spread and severity of infectious disease is influenced by many predisposing factors.
  • This predisposes patients to chronic infections with bacteria which form biofilms in the lungs.
  • Another example is chronic granulomatous disease which directly affects the ability of the host immune system to fight invaders.
  • Overall health is a very important factor in preventing disease.
  • In general, deliberately-induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant, treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.

• Leprosy

  • Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
  • Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
  • Named after physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen, leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract.

• Blastomycosis

  • A chronic illness that mimics tuberculosis or lung cancer, with symptoms of low-grade fever, a productive cough, night sweats, and weight loss
  • A fast, progressive, and severe disease that manifests as ARDS, with fever, shortness of breath, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates
  • Tissue biopsy of skin or other organs may be required in order to diagnose extra-pulmonary disease.
  • Blastomycosis is histologically associated with granulomatous nodules.
  • Itraconazole given orally is the treatment of choice for most forms of the disease.

• Other Infectious Eye Diseases

  • The following classification of herpes simplex keratitis is important for understanding this disease:
  • Stromal disease is an immune response.
  • A single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii causes a disease known as toxoplasmosis.
  • Ophthalmologists sometimes prescribe medicine to treat active disease.
  • Whether or not medication is recommended depends on the size of the eye lesion, the location, and the characteristics of the lesion (acute active, versus chronic not progressing).

• Disease Severity and Duration

  • A chronic disease is one that lasts for a long time, usually at least six months.
  • A chronic disease may be stable (does not get any worse) or it may be progressive (gets worse over time).
  • Some chronic diseases can be permanently cured.
  • Most chronic diseases can be beneficially treated, even if they cannot be permanently cured.
  • Slowly progressive diseases are also chronic diseases; many are also degenerative diseases.

• Other Fungi Involved in Respiratory Disease

  • Sporotrichosis (also known as "Rose gardener's disease") is caused by the infection of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii .
  • Because roses can spread the disease, it is one of a few diseases referred to as rose-thorn or rose-gardeners' disease.
  • Cutaneous or skin sporotrichosis: This is the most common form of the disease.
  • More lesions will appear, until a chronic ulcer develops.
  • Pulmonary sporotrichosis: This rare form of the disease occurs when S. schenckii spores are inhaled.

• The Complement System and Heart Disease

  • In autoimmune heart diseases, the body's immune defense system mistakes its own cardiac antigens as foreign, and attacks them.
  • The most common form of autoimmune heart disease is rheumatic heart disease, or rheumatic fever.
  • Aetiologically, autoimmune heart disease is most commonly seen in children with a history of sore throat caused by a streptococcal infection.
  • Therapy will involve intensive cardiac care and immunosuppressives, including corticosteroids, which are helpful in the acute stage of the disease.
  • The chronic phase consists of mainly debility control and supportive care options.

• Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)

  • Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted via the reduviid bug.
  • Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.
  • Chagas disease is similar to African sleeping sickness which is caused by the African trypanosome.
  • Chagas disease can be characterized by two phases: acute and chronic.
  • Chagas disease can be characterized by two phases: acute and chronic.

• Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

  • Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease (vCJD) is a fatal neurological disorder which is caused by prions.
  • Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, or CJD, is a degenerative neurological disorder (brain disease) that is incurable and invariably fatal.
  • Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases are caused by prions.
  • Thus, the diseases are sometimes called prion diseases.
  • Other prion diseases include Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS), fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and Kuru in humans; as well as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, commonly known as mad cow disease) in cattle, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk and deer, and Scrapie in sheep.

• Biofilms, Persisters, and Antibiotic Tolerance

  • Biofilms and persisters are bacterial communities responsible for chronic diseases and antibiotic tolerance.
  • It is being widely recognized that bacterial biofilms are responsible for several chronic diseases that are difficult to treat, hence hard to eradicate (e.g., cystitis, endocarditis, urinary tract infections, gingivitis, dental plaque, and other yet to be identified conditions).