spectrum

Examples of spectrum in the following topics:

• Visible Light

  • Visible light, as called the visible spectrum, is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye.
  • Note that each color can come in many shades, since the spectrum is continuous.
  • The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves.
  • Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio section of the EM spectrum.
  • A small part of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes its visible components.

• Dispersion of the Visible Spectrum

  • Dispersion is the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths; this phenomenon can be observed in prisms and rainbows.
  • Within the electromagnetic spectrum, there is only a portion that is visible to the human eye.
  • Dispersion is the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths.

• Photon Energies of the EM Spectrum

  • The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
  • The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation .
  • This was the first indication of the existence of the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
  • The last portion of the electromagnetic spectrum was filled in with the discovery of gamma rays.
  • Also, radiation from various parts of the spectrum has many other uses in communications and manufacturing.

• Power-Law Distribution of Particle Energies

  • Even before calculating the form of $F(\omega/\omega_c)$, we can determine some interesting properties of the radiation spectrum.
  • Let's use formula (19) to calculate the total spectrum from these particles,
  • This power-law spectrum is valid essentially between $\omega_c(\gamma_1)$ and $\omega_c(\gamma_2)$.
  • To understand the spectrum for frequencies outside this range and other details as well we must calculate the function $F(x)$.

• Hydrogen Spectra

  • The observed hydrogen-spectrum wavelengths can be calculated using the following formula: $\frac{1}{\lambda} = R(\frac{1}{n_f ^2} - \frac{1}{n_i ^2})$.
  • Maxwell and others had realized that there must be a connection between the spectrum of an atom and its structure, something like the resonant frequencies of musical instruments.
  • As you might expect, the simplest atom—hydrogen, with its single electron—has a relatively simple spectrum.
  • The hydrogen spectrum had been observed in the infrared (IR), visible, and ultraviolet (UV), and several series of spectral lines had been observed .
  • The observed hydrogen-spectrum wavelengths can be calculated using the following formula:

• Problems

  • Calculate the photon spectrum for a power-law distribution of electron energies as in $\S~$6.2.2 including the normalization and polarization.
  • Complete synchrotron spectrum for an age greater than the maximum cooling time (fast cooling).

• Infrared Waves

  • The infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum covers the range from roughly 300 GHz (1 mm) to 400 THz (750 nm).
  • This range is sometimes called the fingerprint region, since the mid-infrared absorption spectrum of a compound is very specific for that compound.
  • The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves.
  • Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio section of the EM spectrum.
  • Distinguish three ranges of the infrared portion of the spectrum, and describe processes of absorption and emission of infrared light by molecules

• X-Rays

  • This is called hardening the beam since it shifts the center of the spectrum towards higher energy (or harder) X-rays.
  • X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelengths shorter than those of visible light.
  • Different applications use different parts of the X-ray spectrum.
  • The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves.
  • Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio section of the EM spectrum.

• X-Rays

  • This process produces an emission spectrum of x-rays at a few discrete frequencies, sometimes referred to as the spectral lines.
  • These x-rays have a continuous spectrum.
  • X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelengths shorter than those of visible light.
  • Different applications use different parts of the X-ray spectrum.

• A Complete Synchrotron Spectrum

  • The complete spectrum from synchrotron radiation must account for the evolution of the electron energies, absorption, the minimum electron energy and the age of the source.
  • First, $\S~$6.2.2 calculates the shape of the photon spectrum for a given power-law distribution of electron energies.
  • We can combine the various results from this section to derive a schematic of the emission spectrum from a synchrotron cooling population of electrons with constant particle injection.
  • Figs. 6.4 and 6.5 depict the spectrum for slow and fast cooling.
  • Complete synchrotron spectrum for an age greater than the maximum cooling time (fast cooling).