Issue 18, December 07, 2009

Vol. 1, Issue: 18, 12/7/09 Welcome to Knowledge to Action Science Clips, CDC's new weekly digest!

The report consists of three components:

• CDC-authored publications
• Key scientific articles in featured topic areas (this week featuring Communicable Diseases - 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1), Food Safety, and Healthcare Associated Infections)
• Public health articles noted in the media

Knowledge to Action Science Clips is a service of the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library and CDC's Office of the Chief Science Officer.

The Knowledge to Action Science Clips is in the public domain and may be freely forwarded and reproduced without permission. The original sources and the CDC Knowledge to Action Science Clips should be cited as sources.

1. CDC Authored Publications
   The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.
   • Communicable Diseases
     1. Addition of extended zidovudine to extended nevirapine prophylaxis reduces nevirapine resistance in infants who were HIV-infected in utero
        Lidstrom J, Li Q, Hoover DR, Kafulafula G, Mofenson LM, Fowler MG, Thigpen MC, Kumwenda N, Taha TE, Eshleman SH.
        AIDS. 2009 Dec 5.
        
     2. Pandemic influenza preparedness and vulnerable populations in tribal communities
        Groom AV, Jim C, Laroque M, Mason C, McLaughlin J, Neel L, Powell T, Weiser T, Bryan RT.
        Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S271-8.
        
     3. High mortality in a cholera outbreak in western Kenya after post-election violence in 2008
        Shikanga OT, Mutonga D, Abade M, Amwayi S, Ope M, Limo H, Mintz ED, Quick RE, Breiman RF, Feikin DR.
        Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Dec;81(6):1085-90.
        
     4. Predictors of suboptimal virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents: analyses of the reaching for excellence in adolescent care and health (REACH) project
        Ding H, Wilson CM, Modjarrad K, McGwin G, Tang J, Vermund SH.
        Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009 Dec;163(12):1100-5.
        
     5. Pandemic influenza as 21st century urban public health crisis
        Bell DM, Weisfuse IB, Hernandez-Avila M, Del Rio C, Bustamante X, Rodier G.
        Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Dec;15(12):1963-9.
        
     6. Outbreak of antiviral drug-resistant influenza a in long-term care facility, Illinois, USA, 2008
        Dharan NJ, Patton M, Siston AM, Morita J, Ramirez E, Wallis TR, Deyde V, Gubareva LV, Klimov AI, Bresee JS, Fry AM.
        Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Dec;15(12):1973-6.
        
     7. Estimates of the prevalence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, United States, April-July 2009
        Reed C, Angulo FJ, Swerdlow DL, Lipsitch M, Meltzer MI, Jernigan D, Finelli L.
        Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Dec;15(12):2004-7.
        
     8. Norovirus gastroenteritis
        Glass RI, Parashar UD, Estes MK.
        N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 29;361(18):1776-85.
        
     9. An early warning sign: sexually transmissible infections among young African American women and the need for preemptive, combination HIV prevention
        Fasula AM, Miller KS, Sutton MY.
        Sex Health. 2009 ;6(4):261-263.
        
     10. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention
         Garcia-Lerma JG, Paxton L, Kilmarx PH, Heneine W.
         Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Dec 4.
         
   • Community Health Services
     11. The impact of HIV scale-up on health systems: a priority research agenda
         Rabkin M, El-Sadr WM, De Cock KM, Bellagio HIV Health Systems Working Group.
         J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Nov;52 Suppl 1:S6-11.
         
   • Environmental Health
     12. Total blood mercury concentrations in the U.S. population: 1999-2006
         Caldwell KL, Mortensen ME, Jones RL, Caudill SP, Osterloh JD.
         Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2009 Nov;212(6):588-98.
         
   • Epidemiology and Surveillance
     13. Population-based lupus registries: advancing our epidemiologic understanding
         Sam Lim S, Drenkard C, McCune WJ, Helmick CG, Gordon C, Deguire P, Bayakly R, Somers EC.
         Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Oct 15;61(10):1462-6.
         
     14. Multicenter GeoSentinel analysis of rickettsial diseases in international travelers, 1996-2008
         Jensenius M, Davis X, von Sonnenburg F, Schwartz E, Keystone JS, Leder K, Lopez-Velez R, Caumes E, Cramer JP, Chen L, Parola P, GeoSentinel Surveillance Network.
         Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Nov;15(11):1791-8.
         
     15. The epidemiology of hospitalization with diarrhea in rural Kenya: the utility of existing health facility data in developing countries
         Tornheim JA, Manya AS, Oyando N, Kabaka S, O'Reilly CE, Breiman RF, Feikin DR.
         Int J Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 1.
         
   • Food Safety
     16. Recipes for foodborne outbreaks: a scheme for categorizing and grouping implicated foods
         Painter JA, Ayers T, Woodruff R, Blanton E, Perez N, Hoekstra RM, Griffin PM, Braden C.
         Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009 Dec;6(10):1259-64.
         
   • Global Health
     17. Health systems exist for real people. Introduction
         El-Sadr WM, De Cock KM.
         J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Nov;52 Suppl 1:S1-2.
         
   • Health Behavior and Risk
     18. Socio-cultural predictors of health-seeking behaviour for febrile under-five children in Mwanza-Neno district, Malawi
         Chibwana AI, Mathanga DP, Chinkhumba J, Campbell CH.
         Malar J. 2009 ;8:219.
         
   • Health Communication and Education
     19. Dogs are talking: San Francisco's social marketing campaign to increase syphilis screening
         Stephens SC, Bernstein KT, McCright JE, Klausner JD.
         Sex Transm Dis. 2009 Dec 2.
         
   • Health Disparities
     20. Eliminating health disparities through transdisciplinary research, cross-agency collaboration, and public participation
         Rashid JR, Spengler RF, Wagner RM, Melanson C, Skillen EL, Mays RA, Heurtin-Roberts S, Long JA.
         Am J Public Health. 2009 Nov;99(11):1955-61.
         
     21. Racial differences in functioning among elderly nursing home residents, 2004
         Jones AL, Sonnenfeld NL, Harris-Kojetin LD.
         NCHS Data Brief. 2009 Dec(25):1-8.
         
     22. Episodic illness, chronic disease, and health care use among homeless persons in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, 2007
         Wiersma P, Epperson S, Terp S, Lacourse S, Finton B, Drenzek C, Arnold K, Finelli L.
         South Med J. 2009 Dec 4.
         
   • Healthcare Associated Infections
     23. Twenty-five year epidemiology of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered at a burn center
         Murray CK, Holmes RL, Ellis MW, Mende K, Wolf SE, McDougal LK, Guymon CH, Hospenthal DR.
         Burns. 2009 Dec;35(8):1112-7.
         
     24. Chikungunya virus: possible impact on transfusion medicine
         Petersen LR, Stramer SL, Powers AM.
         Transfus Med Rev. 2010 Jan;24(1):15-21.
         
   • Healthcare Economics
     25. Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: an update after 7 years of use in the United States
         Ray GT, Pelton SI, Klugman KP, Strutton DR, Moore MR.
         Vaccine. 2009 Nov 5;27(47):6483-94.
         
   • Immunity and Immunization
     26. Impact of rotavirus vaccination: the importance of monitoring strains
         Gentsch JR, Parashar UD, Glass RI.
         Future Microbiol. 2009 Dec;4:1231-4.
         
     27. Invasive pneumococcal infections among vaccinated children in the United States
         Park SY, Van Beneden CA, Pilishvili T, Martin M, Facklam RR, Whitney CG, for the Active Bacterial Core surveillance team.
         J Pediatr. 2009 Dec 2.
         
     28. Efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria in African infants: a pooled analysis of six randomised, placebo-controlled trials
         Aponte JJ, Schellenberg D, Egan A, Breckenridge A, Carneiro I, Critchley J, Danquah I, Dodoo A, Kobbe R, Lell B, May J, Premji Z, Sanz S, Sevene E, Soulaymani-Becheikh R, Winstanley P, Adjei S, Anemana S, Chandramohan D, Issifou S, Mockenhaupt F, Owusu-Agyei S, Greenwood B, Grobusch MP, Kremsner PG, Macete E, Mshinda H, Newman RD, Slutsker L, Tanner M, Alonso P, Menendez C.
         Lancet. 2009 Oct 31;374(9700):1533-42.
         
     29. Nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae in Gambian children who participated in a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trial and in their younger siblings
         Cheung YB, Zaman SM, Nsekpong ED, Van Beneden CA, Adegbola RA, Greenwood B, Cutts FT.
         Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009 Nov;28(11):990-995.
         
     30. Evaluation of self-reported and registry-based influenza vaccination status in a Wisconsin cohort
         Irving SA, Donahue JG, Shay DK, Ellis-Coyle TL, Belongia EA.
         Vaccine. 2009 Nov 5;27(47):6546-9.
         
   • Laboratory Sciences
     31. Evaluation of IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for detection of IgM against Japanese encephalitis virus in cerebrospinal fluid samples
         Ravi V, Robinson JS, Russell BJ, Desai A, Ramamurty N, Featherstone D, Johnson BW.
         Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Dec;81(6):1144-50.
         
     32. In vitro antiviral activity of V-073 against polioviruses
         Oberste MS, Moore D, Anderson B, Pallansch MA, Pevear DC, Collett MS.
         Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Oct;53(10):4501-3.
         
     33. Immunogenetic risk and protective factors for the development of L-tryptophan-associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and associated symptoms
         Okada S, Kamb ML, Pandey JP, Philen RM, Love LA, Miller FW.
         Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Oct 15;61(10):1305-11.
         
     34. Authentication scheme for routine verification of genetically similar laboratory colonies: a trial with Anopheles gambiae
         Wilkins EE, Marcet PL, Sutcliffe AC, Howell PI.
         BMC Biotechnol. 2009 ;9:91.
         
     35. Molecular identification of Salp15, a key salivary gland protein in the transmission of lyme disease spirochetes, from Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae)
         Hojgaard A, Biketov SF, Shtannikov AV, Zeidner NS, Piesman J.
         J Med Entomol. 2009 Nov;46(6):1458-63.
         
     36. Detection of Bartonella spp. in wild rodents in Israel using HRM real-time PCR
         Morick D, Baneth G, Avidor B, Kosoy MY, Mumcuoglu KY, Mintz D, Eyal O, Goethe R, Mietze A, Shpigel N, Harrus S.
         Vet Microbiol. 2009 Nov 18;139(3-4):293-7.
         
   • Maternal and Child Health
     37. Prenatal radiation exposure: background material for counseling pregnant patients following exposure to radiation
         Donnelly EH, Smith JM, Farfan EB, Ozcan I.
         Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009 Dec 2.
         
   • Nutritional Sciences
     38. Nutrient content of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.) flour prepared commercially and domestically
         Ayaz FA, Torun H, Glew RH, Bak ZD, Chuang LT, Presley JM, Andrews R.
         Plant Food Hum Nutr. 2009 Dec;64(4):286-292.
         
   • Occupational Safety and Health
     39. Recombinant factor C (rFC) assay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of endotoxin variability in four agricultural dusts
         Saito R, Cranmer BK, Tessari JD, Larsson L, Mehaffy JM, Keefe TJ, Reynolds SJ.
         Ann Occup Hyg. 2009 Oct;53(7):713-22.
         
     40. Environmental and biological assessment of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among casino dealers
         Achutan C, West C, Mueller C, Boudreau A, Mead K.
         Int J Occup Environ Health. 2009 Oct/Dec;15(4):417.
         
     41. Findings from industrial hygiene air sampling, ventilation assessment, and a medical survey at a facility that manufactures flavorings, modified dairy products, and bacterial additives
         Sahakian N, Kullman G, Dunn K, Kanwal R.
         Int J Occup Environ Health. 2009 Oct/Dec;15(4):416-417.
         
     42. Youth living on Hispanic-operated farms: injuries and population estimates in the U.S., 2000
         Layne LA, Goldcamp EM, Myers JR, Hendricks KJ.
         J Agric Saf Health. 2009 Oct;15(4):377-88.
         
     43. Endotoxin exposure and inflammation markers among agricultural workers in Colorado and Nebraska
         Burch JB, Svendsen E, Siegel PD, Wagner SE, von Essen S, Keefe T, Mehaffy J, Martinez AS, Bradford M, Baker L, Cranmer B, Saito R, Tessari J, Linda P, Andersen C, Christensen O, Koehncke N, Reynolds SJ.
         J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2010 ;73(1):5-22.
         
     44. Machine safety: developing an operator presence system
         Powers Jr JR, Ammons DE, Brand I.
         Prof Saf. 2009 Nov;54(11):28-31.
         
     45. Prevention through design in health care settings
         Heidel DS, Collins JW, Stewart EJ.
         Synergist. 2009 Nov;20(10):27-31.
         
   • Physical Activity
     46. Walking and body mass index in a Portuguese sample of adults: a multilevel analysis
         Santos R, Pratt M, Ribeiro JC, Santos MP, Carvalho J, Mota J.
         Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct;63(10):1260-2.
         
   • Reproductive Health
     47. Undiagnosed cases of fatal clostridium-associated toxic shock in Californian women of childbearing age
         Ho CS, Bhatnagar J, Cohen AL, Hacker JK, Zane SB, Reagan S, Fischer M, Shieh WJ, Guarner J, Ahmad S, Zaki SR, McDonald LC.
         Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Nov;201(5):459 e1-7.
         
   • Vital Statistics
     48. NCHS dataline
         Smith S, Lancashire JH.
         Public Health Reports. 2009 ;124(6):895-897.
         
   • Zoonoses
     49. Possible interruption of malaria transmission, highland Kenya, 2007-2008
         John CC, Riedesel MA, Magak NG, Lindblade KA, Menge DM, Hodges JS, Vulule JM, Akhwale W.
         Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Dec;15(12):1917-24.
         
     50. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2008
         Blanton JD, Robertson K, Palmer D, Rupprecht CE.
         J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009 Sep 15;235(6):676-89.
         
     51. Are carnivores universally good sentinels of plague?
         Brinkerhoff RJ, Collinge SK, Bai Y, Ray C.
         Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009 Oct;9(5):491-7.
         
     52. Potential for the emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus in California
         Nett RJ, Campbell GL, Reisen WK.
         Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009 Oct;9(5):511-7.
         
     53. Inoculation of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Ap-V1 Or NY-18 strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and microscopic demonstration of Ap-V1 In Ixodes scapularis adults that acquired infection from deer as nymphs
         Reichard MV, Roman RM, Kocan KM, Blouin EF, de la Fuente J, Snider TA, Heinz RE, West MD, Little SE, Massung RF.
         Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009 Oct;9(5):565-8.
         
     54. West Nile virus activity in mosquitoes and domestic animals in Chiapas, Mexico
         Ulloa A, Ferguson HH, Mendez-Sanchez JD, Danis-Lozano R, Casas-Martinez M, Bond JG, Garcia-Zebadua JC, Orozco-Bonilla A, Juarez-Ordaz JA, Farfan-Ale JA, Garcia-Rejon JE, Rosado-Paredes EP, Edwards E, Komar N, Hassan HK, Unnasch TR, Rodriguez-Perez MA.
         Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009 Oct;9(5):555-60.
         
     55. Bartonella-like DNA detected in Ixodes tasmani ticks (Acari: Ixodida) infesting Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in Victoria, Australia
         Vilcins IM, Kosoy M, Old JM, Deane EM.
         Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009 Oct;9(5):499-503.
         
2. Key Scientific Articles in Featured Topic Areas
   • Communicable Diseases - 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)
     56. Near real-time surveillance for influenza vaccine safety: proof-of-concept in the vaccine safety datalink project
         Greene SK, Kulldorff M, Lewis EM, Li R, Yin R, Weintraub ES, Fireman BH, Lieu TA, Nordin JD, Glanz JM, Baxter R, Jacobsen SJ, Broder KR, Lee GM.
         Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Dec 4.
         
     57. Guidance on novel influenza A/H1N1 in solid organ transplant recipients
         Kumar D, Morris MI, Kotton CN, Fischer SA, Michaels MG, Allen U, Blumberg EA, Green M, Humar A, Ison MG.
         Am J Transplant. 2009 Dec 2.
         
     58. The severity of pandemic H1N1 influenza in the United States, from April to July 2009: a bayesian analysis
         Presanis AM, De Angelis D, Hagy A, Reed C, Riley S, Cooper BS, Finelli L, Biedrzycki P, Lipsitch M.
         PLoS Med. 2009 Dec;6(12):e1000207.
         
     59. Exposure to MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines during pregnancy-a retrospective analysis
         Tsai T, Kyaw MH, Novicki D, Nacci P, Rai S, Clemens R.
         Vaccine. 2009 Dec 4.
         
   • Food Safety
     60. Effectiveness of liquid soap and hand sanitizer against norwalk virus on contaminated hands
         Liu P, Yuen Y, Hsiao HM, Jaykus LA, Moe C.
         Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Nov 20.
         
     61. Spinacia oleracea L. leaf stomata harboring cryptosporidium parvum oocysts: a potential threat for food safety
         Macarisin D, Bauchan G, Fayer R.
         Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Nov 20.
         
     62. Effects of technological processes on the tenacity and inactivation of norovirus GGII in experimentally contaminated foods
         Mormann S, Dabisch M, Becker B.
         Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Nov 20.
         
     63. Attachment and internalization of murine norovirus-1 in manure and biosolids to romaine lettuce
         Wei J, Jin Y, Sims T, Kniel KE.
         Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Nov 20.
         
     64. 4-bromophenacyl bromide specifically inhibits rhoptry secretion during toxoplasma invasion
         Ravindran S, Lodoen MB, Verhelst SH, Bogyo M, Boothroyd JC.
         PLoS One. 2009 ;4(12):e8143.
         
     65. Cessation of trichinella spiralis transmission among scavenging mammals after the removal of infected pigs from a poorly managed farm: implications for trichinae transmission in the US
         Hill DE, Pierce V, Darwin Murrell K, Ratliffe N, Rupp B, Fournet VM, Zarlenga DS, et al.
         Zoonoses Public Health. 2009 Dec 8.
         
   • Healthcare Associated Infections
     66. Lessons learned from the institution of the surgical care improvement project at a teaching medical center
         Potenza B, Deligencia M, Estigoy B, Faraday E, Snyder A, Angle N, Schwartz A, et al.
         Am J Surg. 2009 Dec;198(6):881-8.
         
     67. Prevention of access-related infection in dialysis
         Barraclough KA, Hawley CM, Playford EG, Johnson DW.
         Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2009 Dec;7(10):1185-200.
         
     68. Positive deviance: a new strategy for improving hand hygiene compliance
         Marra AR, Guastelli LR, de Araujo CM, dos Santos JL, Lamblet LC, Silva M, de Lima G, et al.
         Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010 Jan;31(1):12-20.
         
     69. The role of the champion in infection prevention: results from a multisite qualitative study
         Damschroder LJ, Banaszak-Holl J, Kowalski CP, Forman J, Saint S, Krein SL.
         Qual Saf Health Care. 2009 Dec;18(6):434-40.
         
3. Public Health Articles Noted in the Media
   • MMWR in the Media
     70. Deaths related to 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) among American Indian/Alaska Natives --- 12 states, 2009
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Dec 11;58(48):1341-1344.
         
   • Chronic Diseases and Conditions
     71. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates
         Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA, Eheman C, Zauber AG, Anderson RN, Jemal A, Schymura MJ, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Seeff LC, van Ballegooijen M, Goede SL, Ries LA.
         Cancer. 2009 .
         
   • Communicable Diseases
     72. Mortality from pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza in England: public health surveillance study
         Donaldson LJ, Rutter PD, Ellis BM, Greaves FE, Mytton OT, Pebody RG, Yardley IE.
         BMJ. 2009 Dec 10 ;339:b5213.
         
     73. Symptomatic primary HIV infection in a 49-year-old man who has sex with men: beware of the window phase
         van Oosten HE, Damen M, de Vries HJ.
         Euro Surveill. 2009 Dec 3;14(48).
         
     74. The severity of pandemic H1N1 influenza in the United States, from April to July 2009: a bayesian analysis
         Presanis AM, De Angelis D, New York City Swine Flu Investigation Team, Hagy A, Reed C, Riley S, Cooper BS, Finelli L, Biedrzycki P, Lipsitch M.
         PLoS Med. 2009 Dec;6(12):e1000207.
         
   • Environmental Health
     75. Blood lead levels and major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder in US young adults
         Bouchard MF, Bellinger DC, Weuve J, Matthews-Bellinger J, Gilman SE, Wright RO, Schwartz J, Weisskopf MG.
         Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;66(12):1313-9.
         
   • Healthcare Associated Infections
     76. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units
         Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, Silva E, Anzueto A, Martin CD, Moreno R, Lipman J, Gomersall C, Sakr Y, Reinhart K, Epic II Group of Investigators.
         JAMA. 2009 Dec 2;302(21):2323-9.
         
   • Maternal and Child Health
     77. A national survey of obesity prevention practices in Head Start
         Whitaker RC, Gooze RA, Hughes CC, Finkelstein DM.
         Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009 Dec;163(12):1144-50.
         
     78. Protective effect of periconceptional folic acid supplements on the risk of congenital heart defects: a registry-based case-control study in the northern Netherlands
         van Beynum IM, Kapusta L, Bakker MK, den Heijer M, Blom HJ, de Walle HE.
         Eur Heart J. 2009 Dec 1.
         

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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Knowledge to Action Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.