Issue 26, July 1, 2014

Each Tuesday, to enhance awareness of emerging scientific knowledge, selected science clips will be posted here for the public health community. The focus is applied public health research and prevention science that has the capacity to improve health now.

This week, Science Clips is pleased to collaborate with CDC Vital Signs by featuring scientific articles from the current Vital Signs issue on Drug Safety - Prescription Drug Overdose (www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns). Although not all articles are peer-reviewed they are taken from authoritative sources and represent sound scientific information. Those articles marked with an asterisk are general review articles which may be of particular interest to clinicians and public health professionals seeking background information in this area.

1. Key Scientific Articles in Featured Topic Areas
   Subject matter experts decide what topic to feature, and articles are selected from the last 3 to 6 months of published literature. Key topic coincides monthly with other CDC products (e.g. Vital Signs).
   • Drug Safety - Prescription Drug Overdose
     1. *"Safe and effective when used as directed": the case of chronic use of opioid analgesics
        Ballantyne JC.
        J Med Toxicol. 2012 Sep 15;8(4):417-23.
        
     2. *Prescription drug overdoses: a review
        Paulozzi LJ.
        J Safety Res. 2012 Sep;43(4):283-9.
        
     3. Opioid analgesics and rates of fatal drug poisoning in the United States
        Paulozzi LJ, Ryan GW.
        Am J Prev Med. 2006 Dec;31(6):506-11.
        
     4. Geographic variation in outpatient antibiotic prescribing among older adults
        Zhang Y, Steinman MA, Kaplan CM.
        Arch Intern Med. 2012 Oct 22;172(19):1465-71.
        
     5. The Dartmouth atlas of Medicare prescription drug use
        Munson J., Morden N., Goodman D., Valle L., Wennberg J..
        . 2013 .
        
     6. Factors predicting development of opioid use disorders among individuals who receive an initial opioid prescription: mathematical modeling using a database of commercially-insured individuals
        Cochran BN, Flentje A, Heck NC, Van Den Bos J, Perlman D, Torres J, Valuck R, et al.
        Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014 Mar 12;138:202-8.
        
     7. Polydrug abuse: a review of opioid and benzodiazepine combination use
        Jones JD, Mogali S, Comer SD.
        Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Sep 1;125(1-2):8-18.
        
     8. Geographic variation in opioid prescribing in the U.S.
        McDonald DC, Carlson K, Izrael D.
        J Pain. 2012 Oct;13(10):988-96.
        
     9. High-risk use by patients prescribed opioids for pain and its role in overdose deaths
        Baumblatt JA, Wiedeman C, Dunn JR, Schaffner W, Paulozzi LJ, Jones TF.
        JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Mar 3;174(5):796-801.
        
     10. Relationship between therapeutic use and abuse of opioid analgesics in rural, suburban, and urban locations in the United States
         Cicero TJ, Surratt H, Inciardi JA, Munoz A.
         Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007 Jul 18;16(8):827-40.
         
   
   
2. CDC Authored Publications
   The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.
   Articles published in the past 6-8 weeks authored by CDC or ATSDR staff.
   • Chronic Diseases and Conditions
     11. Team-based care and improved blood pressure control: a Community Guide systematic review
         Proia KK, Thota AB, Njie GJ, Finnie RK, Hopkins DP, Mukhtar Q, Pronk NP, Zeigler D, Kottke TE, Rask KJ, Lackland DT, Brooks JF, Braun LT, Cooksey T.
         Am J Prev Med. 2014 Jul;47(1):86-99.
         
     12. Characteristics associated with genetic counseling referral and BRCA1/2 testing among women in a large integrated health system
         Bellcross CA, Peipins LA, McCarty FA, Rodriguez JL, Hawkins NA, Hensley Alford S, Leadbetter S.
         Genet Med. 2014 Jun 19.
         
     13. A triple play: psychological distress, physical comorbidities, and access and use of health services among U.S. adults with disabilities
         Okoro CA, Dhingra SS, Li C.
         J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014 May;25(2):814-36.
         
     14. Active asthma and the prevalence of physician-diagnosed COPD
         Mirabelli MC, Beavers SF, Chatterjee AB.
         Lung. 2014 Jun 21.
         
     15. Estimates of young breast cancer survivors at risk for infertility in the U.S.
         Trivers KF, Fink AK, Partridge AH, Oktay K, Ginsburg ES, Li C, Pollack LA.
         Oncologist. 2014 Jun 20.
         
     16. Chronic condition self-management surveillance: what is and what should be measured?
         Ruiz S, Brady TJ, Glasgow RE, Birkel R, Spafford M.
         Prev Chronic Dis. 2014 Jun 19;11.
         
   • Communicable Diseases
     17. Drinking motives among HIV primary care patients
         Elliott JC, Aharonovich E, O'Leary A, Wainberg M, Hasin DS.
         AIDS Behav. 2014 Jul;18(7):1315-23.
         
     18. Pod-intravaginal rings delivering antiretroviral combinations for HIV prophylaxis: pharmacokinetics and preliminary safety in a macaque model
         Moss JA, Srinivasan P, Smith TJ, Butkyavichene I, Lopez G, Brooks AA, Martin A, Dinh CT, Smith JM, Baum MM.
         Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jun 16.
         
     19. Factors associated with mortality among persistently viraemic triple-antiretroviral-class-experienced patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS)
         Palella FJ, Armon C, Buchacz K, Chmiel JS, Novak RM, D'Aquila RT, Brooks JT.
         J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Jun 16.
         
     20. Coxsackievirus A6 associated hand, foot and mouth disease in adults: clinical presentation and review of the literature
         Downing C, Ramirez-Fort MK, Doan HQ, Benoist F, Oberste MS, Khan F, Tyring SK.
         J Clin Virol. 2014 May 9.
         
     21. Behavioral and clinical characteristics of persons receiving medical care for HIV infection - Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2009
         Blair JM, Fagan JL, Frazier EL, Do A, Bradley H, Valverde EE, McNaghten A, Beer L, Zhang S, Huang P, Mattson CL, Freedman MS, Johnson CH, Sanders CC, Spruit-McGoff KE, Heffelfinger JD, Skarbinski J.
         MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014 Jun 20;63 Suppl 5:1-22.
         
     22. Viral etiologies of hospitalized acute lower respiratory infection patients in China, 2009-2013
         Feng L, Li Z, Zhao S, Nair H, Lai S, Xu W, Li M, Wu J, Ren L, Liu W, Yuan Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Li F, Ye X, Li S, Feikin D, Yu H, Yang W.
         PLoS One. 2014 Jun 19;9(6):e99419.
         
     23. Comparison of trends in tuberculosis incidence among adults living with HIV and adults without HIV - Kenya, 1998-2012
         Yuen CM, Weyenga HO, Kim AA, Malika T, Muttai H, Katana A, Nganga L, Cain KP, De Cock KM.
         PLoS One. 2014 Jun 17;9(6):e99880.
         
     24. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection before and after implementation of a hepatitis B vaccination program among children in Nepal
         Upreti SR, Gurung S, Patel M, Dixit SM, Krause LK, Shakya G, Wannemuehler K, Rajbhandari R, Bohara R, Schluter WW.
         Vaccine. 2014 Jun 18.
         
   • Environmental Health
     25. Summertime acute heat illness in U.S. emergency departments from 2006 through 2010: analysis of a nationally representative sample
         Hess JJ, Saha S, Luber G.
         Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Jun 17.
         
     26. Impact of neighborhood biomass cooking patterns on episodic high indoor particulate matter concentrations in clean fuel homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh
         Salje H, Gurley ES, Homaira N, Ram PK, Haque R, Petri W, Moss WJ, Luby SP, Breysse P, Azziz-Baumgartner E.
         Indoor Air. 2014 Apr;24(2):213-20.
         
   • Food Safety
     27. Outbreak of Francisella novicida bacteremia among inmates at a Louisiana correctional facility
         Brett ME, Respicio-Kingry LB, Yendell S, Ratard R, Hand J, Balsamo G, Scott-Waldron C, O'Neal C, Kidwell D, Yockey B, Singh P, Carpenter J, Hill V, Petersen JM, Mead P.
         Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jun 18.
         
   • Genetics and Genomics
     28. Heterogeneity of the internal transcribed spacer region in Leishmania tropica isolates from southern Iran
         Ghatee MA, Sharifi I, Kuhls K, Kanannejad Z, Fasihi Harandi M, de Almeida ME, Hatam G, Mirhendi H.
         Exp Parasitol. 2014 Jun 14.
         
     29. Evidence synthesis and guideline development in genomic medicine: current status and future prospects
         Schully SD, Lam TK, Dotson WD, Chang CQ, Aronson N, Birkeland ML, Brewster SJ, Boccia S, Buchanan AH, Calonge N, Calzone K, Djulbegovic B, Goddard KA, Klein RD, Klein TE, Lau J, Long R, Lyman GH, Morgan RL, Palmer CG, Relling MV, Rubinstein WS, Swen JJ, Terry SF, Williams MS, Khoury MJ.
         Genet Med. 2014 Jun 19.
         
     30. Genome sequences of nine Bordetella holmesii strains isolated in the United States
         Harvill ET, Goodfield LL, Ivanov Y, Smallridge WE, Meyer JA, Cassiday PK, Tondella ML, Brinkac L, Sanka R, Kim M, Losada L.
         Genome Announc. 2014 Jun 19;2(3).
         
     31. Deriving group A Streptococcus typing information from short-read whole-genome sequencing data
         Athey TB, Teatero S, Li A, Marchand-Austin A, Beall BW, Fittipaldi N.
         J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Jun;52(6):1871-6.
         
     32. Whole genome analysis of Exserohilum rostratum from the outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections
         Litvintseva AP, Hurst S, Gade L, Frace MA, Hilsabeck R, Schupp JM, Gillece JD, Roe C, Smith D, Keim P, Lockhart SR, Changayil S, Weil MR, MacCannell DR, Brandt ME, Engelthaler DM.
         J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Jun 20.
         
   • Health Behavior and Risk
     33. Adapted personalized cognitive counseling for episodic substance-using men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled trial
         Coffin PO, Santos GM, Colfax G, Das M, Matheson T, DeMicco E, Dilley J, Vittinghoff E, Raiford JL, Carry M, Herbst JH.
         AIDS Behav. 2014 Jul;18(7):1390-400.
         
     34. A roadmap for adapting an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention: Personal Cognitive Counseling (PCC) for episodic substance-using men who have sex with men
         Knight KR, Das M, DeMicco E, Raiford JL, Matheson T, Shook A, Antunez E, Santos GM, Dadasovich R, Dilley JW, Colfax GN, Herbst JH.
         Prev Sci. 2014 Jun;15(3):364-75.
         
   • Health Communication and Education
     35. The CDC Clear Communication Index is a new evidence-based tool to prepare and review health information
         Baur C, Prue C.
         Health Promot Pract. 2014 Jun 20.
         
   • Healthcare Associated Infections
     36. Improving ventilator-associated event surveillance in the National Healthcare Safety Network and addressing knowledge gaps: update and review
         Magill SS, Rhodes B, Klompas M.
         Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2014 Jun 19.
         
   • Healthcare Economics
     37. The medical cost of abusive head trauma in the United States
         Peterson C, Xu L, Florence C, Parks SE, Miller TR, Barr RG, Barr M, Steinbeigle R.
         Pediatrics. 2014 Jun 16.
         
     38. Evaluation of economic costs of a measles outbreak and outbreak response activities in Keffa Zone, Ethiopia
         Wallace AS, Masresha BG, Grant G, Goodson JL, Birhane H, Abraham M, Endailalu TB, Letamo Y, Petu A, Vijayraghavan M.
         Vaccine. 2014 Jun 18.
         
   • Immunity and Immunization
     39. Influenza vaccination among persons with work-related asthma
         Mazurek JM, White GE, Moorman JE, Storey E.
         Am J Prev Med. 2014 Jun 17.
         
     40. Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) against invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected and -uninfected children in South Africa: a matched case-control study
         Cohen C, von Mollendorf C, de Gouveia L, Naidoo N, Meiring S, Quan V, Nokeri V, Smidt MF, Malope-Kgokong B, Moore D, Reubenson G, Moshe M, Madhi SA, Eley B, Hallbauer U, Kularatne R, Conklin L, O'Brien KL, Zell ER, Klugman K, Whitney CG, von Gottberg A.
         Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jun 9.
         
     41. Impact of different dosing schedules on the immunogenicity of the human rotavirus vaccine in infants in Pakistan - a randomized trial
         Ali SA, Kazi AM, Cortese MM, Fleming JA, Parashar UD, Jiang B, McNeal MM, Steele D, Bhutta Z, Zaidi A.
         J Infect Dis. 2014 Jun 16.
         
     42. Coxsackievirus B1 reveals strain specific differences in plasmacytoid dendritic cell mediated immunogenicity
         Hamalainen S, Nurminen N, Ahlfors H, Oikarinen S, Sioofy-Khojine AB, Frisk G, Oberste MS, Lahesmaa R, Pesu M, Hyoty H.
         J Med Virol. 2014 Aug;86(8):1412-20.
         
     43. Characterization of rotavirus genotypes before and after the introduction of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine in Colombia
         Pelaez-Carvajal D, Cotes-Cantillo K, Paternina-Caicedo A, Gentsch J, de la Hoz-Restrepo F, Patel M.
         J Med Virol. 2014 Jun;86(6):1083-6.
         
     44. Use of MenACWY-CRM vaccine in children aged 2 through 23 months at increased risk for meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2013
         MacNeil JR, Rubin L, McNamara L, Briere EC, Clark TA, Cohn AC.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jun 20;63(24):527-30.
         
     45. Receipt of pertussis vaccine during pregnancy across 7 Vaccine Safety Datalink Sites
         Kharbanda EO, Vazquez-Benitez G, Lipkind H, Naleway AL, Klein NP, Craig Cheetham T, Hambidge SJ, Vellozzi C, Nordin JD.
         Prev Med. 2014 Jun 18.
         
     46. Ischemic cardiac events and other adverse events following ACAM2000 smallpox vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
         McNeil MM, Cano M, Miller E, Petersen BW, Engler RJ, Bryant-Genevier MG.
         Vaccine. 2014 Jun 18.
         
   • Injury and Violence
     47. Hemoglobin and hip fracture risk in older non-Hispanic white adults
         Looker AC.
         Osteoporos Int. 2014 Jun 18.
         
     48. Child passenger deaths involving alcohol-impaired drivers
         Quinlan K, Shults RA, Rudd RA.
         Pediatrics. 2014 Jun;133(6):966-72.
         
   • Laboratory Sciences
     49. Lung macrophages "digest" carbon nanotubes using a superoxide/peroxynitrite oxidative pathway
         Kagan VE, Kapralov AA, St Croix CM, Watkins SC, Kisin ER, Kotchey GP, Balasubramanian K, Vlasova , Yu J, Kim K, Seo W, Mallampalli RK, Star A, Shvedova AA.
         ACS Nano. 2014 Jun 24;8(6):5610-21.
         
     50. Measurement of mercury species in human blood using triple spike isotope dilution with SPME-GC-ICP-DRC-MS
         Sommer YL, Verdon CP, Fresquez MR, Ward CD, Wood EB, Pan Y, Caldwell KL, Jones RL.
         Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014 Jun 20.
         
     51. Rapid urine antigen testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: clinical use and barriers
         Harris AM, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, Moore MR.
         Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014 May 17.
         
     52. Differential expression of anti-glycan antibodies in schistosome-infected humans, rhesus monkeys and mice
         Luyai AE, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Prasanphanich NS, Mickum ML, Lasanajak Y, Song X, Nyame AK, Wilkins P, Rivera-Marrero CA, Smith DF, Van Die I, Secor WE, Cummings RD.
         Glycobiology. 2014 Jul;24(7):602-18.
         
     53. Cynomolgus and pigtail macaque IgG subclasses: characterization of IGHG genes and computational analysis of IgG/Fc receptor binding affinity
         Nguyen DC, Sanghvi R, Scinicariello F, Pulit-Penaloza J, Hill N, Attanasio R.
         Immunogenetics. 2014 Jun;66(6):361-77.
         
     54. Infection of human islets of Langerhans with two strains of coxsackie B virus serotype 1: assessment of virus replication, degree of cell death and induction of genes involved in the innate immunity pathway
         Anagandula M, Richardson SJ, Oberste MS, Sioofy-Khojine AB, Hyoty H, Morgan NG, Korsgren O, Frisk G.
         J Med Virol. 2014 Aug;86(8):1402-11.
         
     55. Induction of stem-like cells with malignant properties by chronic exposure of human lung epithelial cells to single-walled carbon nanotubes
         Luanpitpong S, Wang L, Castranova V, Rojanasakul Y.
         Part Fibre Toxicol. 2014 May 11;11(1):22.
         
     56. Kyasanur Forest disease virus infection in mice is associated with higher morbidity and mortality than infection with the closely related Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus
         Dodd KA, Bird BH, Jones ME, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF.
         PLoS One. 2014 Jun;9(6):e100301.
         
     57. Biogenesis of influenza A virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes
         Magadan JG, Altman MO, Ince WL, Hickman HD, Stevens J, Chevalier A, Baker D, Wilson PC, Ahmed R, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW.
         PLoS Pathog. 2014 Jun;10(6):e1004204.
         
     58. Identification of specific antigenic epitope at N-terminal segment of enterovirus 71 (EV-71) VP1 protein and characterization of its use in recombinant form for early diagnosis of EV-71 infection
         Zhang J, Jiang B, Xu M, Dai X, Purdy MA, Meng J.
         Virus Res. 2014 Jun 18.
         
   • Maternal and Child Health
     59. Blood folate concentrations among women of childbearing age by race/ethnicity and acculturation, NHANES 2001-2010
         Marchetta CM, Hamner HC.
         Matern Child Nutr. 2014 Jun 17.
         
     60. Prevalence estimates of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2007-2010
         DeSisto CL, Kim SY, Sharma AJ.
         Prev Chronic Dis. 2014 Jun 19;11.
         
   • Occupational Safety and Health
     61. Occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and brain tumour risks in the INTEROCC study
         Turner MC, Benke G, Bowman JD, Figuerola J, Fleming S, Hours M, Kincl L, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Richardson L, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Schuz J, Siemiatycki J, Van Tongeren M, Cardis E.
         Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Jun 16.
         
     62. Development and characterization of an exposure platform suitable for physico-chemical, morphological and toxicological characterization of printer-emitted particles (PEPs)
         Pirela SV, Pyrgiotakis G, Bello D, Thomas T, Castranova V, Demokritou P.
         Inhal Toxicol. 2014 Jun;26(7):400-8.
         
     63. Understanding factors that influence protective glove use among automotive spray painters
         Ceballos D, Reeb-Whitaker C, Glazer P, Murphy-Robinson H, Yost M.
         J Occup Environ Hyg. 2014 May;11(5):306-13.
         
     64. Workplace violence prevention for nurses on-line course: program development
         Hartley D, Ridenour M, Craine J, Morrill A.
         Work. 2014 Jun 4.
         
     65. Association between psychosocial job characteristics and sickness absence due to low back symptoms using combined DCS and ERI models
         Yu S, Lu ML, Gu G, Zhou W, He L, Wang S.
         Work. 2014 Jun 4.
         
   • Parasitic Diseases
     66. The association of Toxoplasma gondii infection with neurocognitive deficits in a population-based analysis
         Pearce BD, Kruszon-Moran D, Jones JL.
         Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014 Jun;49(6):1001-10.
         
   • Physical Activity
     67. Physical activity and health-related quality of life: US adults with and without limitations
         Brown DR, Carroll DD, Workman LM, Carlson SA, Brown DW.
         Qual Life Res. 2014 Jun 21.
         
   • Public Health Leadership and Management
     68. Go Green, Get Healthy: an agencywide effort to reduce energy use and move the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention toward sustainability
         York L, Janet L, Lanasa S.
         J Energ Eng-ASCE. 2014 Jun;140(2):7.
         
   • Social and Behavioral Sciences
     69. Do maladaptive behaviors exist at one or both ends of personality traits?
         Pettersson E, Mendle J, Turkheimer E, Horn EE, Ford DC, Simms LJ, Clark LA.
         Psychol Assess. 2014 Jun;26(2):433-46.
         
   • Statistics as Topic
     70. A new stochastic kriging method for modeling multi-source exposure-response data in toxicology studies
         Wang K, Chen X, Yang F, Porter DW, Wu N.
         ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2014 May 20.
         
   • Substance Use and Abuse
     71. Notes from the field: increase in fentanyl-related overdose deaths - Rhode Island, November 2013-March 2014
         Mercado-Crespo MC, Sumner SA, Spelke MB, Sugerman DE, Stanley C.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jun 20;63(24):531.
         
   • Zoonoses
     72. Seroprevalence of canine norovirus in 14 European countries
         Mesquita JR, Delgado I, Costantini V, Heenemann K, Vahlenkamp TW, Vinje J, Nascimento MS.
         Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2014 Jun;21(6):898-900.
         
     73. A quality control program within a clinical trial consortium for PCR protocols to detect Plasmodium species
         Taylor SM, Mayor A, Mombo-Ngoma G, Kenguele HM, Ouedraogo S, Ndam NT, Mkali H, Mwangoka G, Valecha N, Singh JP, Clark MA, Verweij JJ, Adegnika AA, Severini C, Menegon M, Macete E, Menendez C, Cistero P, Njie F, Affara M, Otieno K, Kariuki S, Ter Kuile FO, Meshnick SR.
         J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Jun;52(6):2144-9.
         
     74. West Nile virus and other arboviral diseases - United States, 2013
         Lindsey NP, Lehman JA, Staples JE, Fischer M.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jun 20;63(24):521-6.
         
     75. Assessing the origin of and potential for international spread of chikungunya virus from the Caribbean
         Khan K, Bogoch I, Brownstein JS, Miniota J, Nicolucci A, Hu W, Nsoesie EO, Cetron M, Creatore MI, German M, Wilder-Smith A.
         PLoS Curr. 2014 Jun 6;6.
         
     76. Yellow fever risk assessment in the Central African Republic
         Staples JE, Diallo M, Janusz KB, Manengu C, Perea W, Yactayo S, Sall AS.
         Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Jun 19.
         
     77. Variant influenza associated with live animal markets, Minnesota
         Choi MJ, Morin CA, Scheftel J, Vetter SM, Smith K, Lynfield R.
         Zoonoses Public Health. 2014 Jun 16.
         
   
   

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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.