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Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Benzidine, 3,3'-dichloro-

RTECS #

DD0525000

CAS #

91-94-1

Updated

September 201

Molecular Weight

253.14

Molecular Formula

C12H10Cl2N2

Synonyms

(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dichloro-
3,3'-Dichlorbenzidin (Czech)
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-biphenyldiamine
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diamino(1,1-biphenyl)
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidina (Spanish)
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (ACGIH)
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (OSHA)
3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diamine
4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl
4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenyl
C.I. 23060
Curithane C126
Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobenzidine base
o,o'-Dichlorobenzidine
RCRA waste number U073

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
body fluid assaySalmonella typhimurium/rat40 mg/kgSAIGBL 23,426,1981
Cytogenetic Analysisintraperitoneal/mouse100 mg/kgMUREAV 319,19,1993
DNA adductlymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified)25500 nmol/LCBINA8 38,369,1982
DNA Damagelymphocyte/human40 µmol/L/2HTOSCF2 72,283,2003
DNA Damageoral/mouse300 mg/kgMUREAV 440,1,1999
micronucleus testoral/mouse1 gm/kgMUTAEX 2,267,1987
morphological transformembryo/hamster12500 µg/LAETODY 1,241,1980
morphological transformkidney/hamster80 µg/LBJCAAI 37,873,1978
morphological transformfibroblast/mouse0.1 mg/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 35,300,2000
morphological transformembryo/rat5 mg/LJNCIAM 51,799,1973
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium15 µmol/L/24H (+/-enzymatic activation step)TXCYAC 207,411,2005
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium4.88 µg/plate/20M (+enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 20,217,2005
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium0.5 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 630,112,2007
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium4.88 µg/plate/48H (+enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 20,217,2005
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium50 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)CALEDQ 4,21,1977
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium10 nmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 2,225,1987
other mutation test systemsintraperitoneal/mouse100 mg/kgMUREAV 319,19,1993
sister chromatid exchangelung/hamster2 mg/L/6H (+enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 678,38,2009
Unscheduled DNA SynthesisHeLa cell/human100 nmol/LCNREA8 38,2621,1978

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/Dog lowest published toxic dose: 17 gm/kg/7Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors		DUPON* HL623-74,1974
oral/hamster lowest published toxic dose: 176 gm/kg/70W- continuousTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors		PAACA3 10,78,1969
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 5100 mg/kg/43W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors		VOONAW 5(5),524,1959
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 17 gm/kg/50W- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors		TXAPA9 31,159,1975
oral/rat toxic dose: 20 gm/kg/52W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors		VOONAW 5(5),524,1959
oral/rat toxic dose: 21 gm/kg/50W- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors		TXAPA9 31,159,1975
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg (15-21D pregnant)Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors		BEXBAN 78,1402,1974
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 5200 mg/kg/47W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application		VOONAW 5(5),524,1959
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3600 mg/kg/61W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Other: Breast		VOONAW 21(6),110,1975
subcutaneous/rat toxic dose: 7 gm/kg/43W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application		VOONAW 5(5),524,1959

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Control as low as possible, skinDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 4,49,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 29,239,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 29,239,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 2BIMSUDL 7,193,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWADCSAJ 13,271,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,109,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTCMUD8 23(Suppl 1),187,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 588,88,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 612,58,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOPADD 33,63,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTPAE7 19,1,2006

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARDskin-HUMAN CARCINOGEN, NO ASSIGNED time-weighted averageDTLVS* 3,77,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIACarcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIATRK-TMW 0.003 ppm (0.03 mg/m3);KZW 0.012 ppm (0.12 mg/m3), skin, sen, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMSkin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYceiling concentration 0.03 mg/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN2B carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAskin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDskin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENGroup B Carcinogen, Sen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 0.003 ppm (0.03 mg/m3), carc 2, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1107CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1910.1007CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1915.1007CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-cancer suspect agentCFRGBR 29,1910.1007,1987

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE-airCarcinogen use 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.1007NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/121980)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine, 5509
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-65

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