Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-
RTECS #
KJ3325000CAS #
50-29-3Updated
December 2013Molecular Weight
354.48Molecular Formula
C14H9Cl5Synonyms
1,1,1-Trichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan (Dutch)1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-phenyl)-aethan (German)
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane
1,1,1-Tricloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano (Italian)
1,1-Bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane
2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane
4,4'-DDT
4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Aavero-extra
Agritan
alpha,alpha-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-beta,beta,beta-trichlorethane
Arkotine
Azotox
Azotox M 33
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro-
Benzochloryl
Bosan Supra
Bovidermol
Chlorophenothan
Chlorophenothane
Chlorophenotoxum
Citox
Clofenotane
DDT
DDT (ACGIH:OSHA)
DDT technical
Deoval
Detox
Detoxan
Dibovin
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Dicophane
Dodat
Dykol
ENT 1,506
Estonate
Gesafid
Gesarol
Hildit
Ivoran
Mutoxan
NCI-C00464
Neocid
Neocidol (solid)
OMS 16
p,p'-DDT
p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Parachlorocidum
PEB1
Pentachlorin
RCRA waste number U061
Santobane
Tafidex
Trichlorobis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane
Zerdane
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 1 µg | AJBSAM 27,427,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | embryo/quail | 5 gm/L | EXPEAM 30,920,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | embryo/chicken | 5 gm/L | EXPEAM 30,920,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | leukocyte/human | 40 mg/L | HOEKAN 29,33,1979 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 200 µg/L/72H | MUREAV 40,131,1976 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/rat | 100 mg/kg | JCLBA3 47,78a,1970 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/rat | 10 µg/L | 34LXAP -,555,1976 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 50 ppm | CNJGA8 16,491,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | unreported route/mouse | 50 mg/kg | PHTHDT 6,147,1979 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 300 mg/kg | AJBSAM 27,427,1974 |
| DNA adduct | Ascites tumor/mouse | 15 µmol/L | MUREAV 89,95,1981 |
| DNA adduct | /Escherichia coli | 15 µmol/L | MUREAV 89,95,1981 |
| DNA Damage | multiple/non-mammalian species | 0.1 µg/L/96H | EMMUEG 49,406,2008 |
| DNA Damage | multiple/non-mammalian species | 2 µg/L/48H | EMMUEG 49,406,2008 |
| DNA inhibition | intraperitoneal/mouse | 20 gm/kg | ARGEAR 51,605,1981 |
| DNA inhibition | /Other microorganisms | 50 ppm/24H | IJEBA6 19,568,1981 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 500 mg/L | ARTODN 45,101,1980 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/Drosophila melanogaster | 250 ppb | EXPEAM 41,745,1985 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/rat | 100 mg/L | ARTODN 45,101,1980 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/other insects | 200 ppm | ETEAAT 12,221,1969 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 1 µg | AJBSAM 27,427,1974 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/rat | 100 mg/kg | FCTXAV 11,53,1973 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/mouse | 100 mg/kg | PHTHDT 6,147,1979 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | unreported route/mouse | 200 mg/kg/10W- intermittent | PHTHDT 6,147,1979 |
| micronucleus test | multiple/non-mammalian species | 0.1 µg/L/96H | EMMUEG 49,406,2008 |
| morphological transform | embryo/mouse | 42600 nmol/L | JNCIAM 54,981,1975 |
| morphological transform | oral/rat | 4620 mg/kg/77D-continuous | CRNGDP 11,1413,1990 |
| morphological transform | other cell types/mouse | 5 mg/L/12D | MUREAV 557,191,2004 |
| other mutation test systems | fibroblast/human | 100 mg/kg | GTPZAB 17(3),32,1973 |
| other mutation test systems | embryo/quail | 5 gm/L | EXPEAM 30,920,1974 |
| other mutation test systems | embryo/chicken | 5 gm/L | EXPEAM 30,920,1974 |
| other mutation test systems | /Other microorganisms | 50 ppm/24H | IJEBA6 19,568,1981 |
| other mutation test systems | oral/mouse | 18 mg/kg | MUREAV 343,157,1995 |
| other mutation test systems | intraperitoneal/mouse | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 747,164,2012 |
| other mutation test systems | fibroblast/mammal (species unspecified) | 50 mg/L | AECTCV 15,581,1986 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 1 µg | AJBSAM 27,427,1974 |
| sperm morphology | oral/rat | 1 gm/kg/2D- intermittent | BECTA6 14,171,1975 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | liver/rat | 100 pmol/L | CRNGDP 5,1547,1984 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 50 µmol/kg | CRNGDP 8,1433,1987 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | 60 mg/kg (3D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | TXAPA9 18,348,1971 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 21 mg/kg (21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NATUAS 228,1222,1970 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 40 mg/kg (1-3D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | BECTA6 9,267,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 40 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | AMBOCX 1,148,1972 |
| oral/Dog | 3540 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | AECTCV 6,83,1977 |
| oral/rabbit | 150 mg/kg (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | AIPTAK 192,286,1971 |
| oral/rat | 420 mg/kg (34D prior to copulation/1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | AECTCV 3,479,1976 |
| oral/mouse | 504 mg/kg (21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | ENPBBC 4,189,1974 |
| oral/mouse | 81 mg/kg (4W male/4W pre-2W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | TXAPA9 10,54,1967 |
| oral/mouse | 124 mg/kg (62D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | ENPBBC 3,127,1973 |
| oral/mouse | 148 mg/kg (66D prior to copulation/1-8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | ENPBBC 3,127,1973 |
| oral/rat | 112 mg/kg (56D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | IJEBA6 16,1002,1978 |
| oral/rat | 100 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | FCTXAV 11,53,1973 |
| oral/rat | 430 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | BECTA6 12,373,1974 |
| oral/rat | 1890 mg/kg (36W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | AECTCV 3,479,1975/1976 |
| oral/rat | 250 mg/kg (15-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | BNEOBV 26,283,1975 |
| oral/rat | 50 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | FCTXAV 11,53,1973 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 418 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) | NTIS** PB223-160 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 143 mg/kg (21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | ENPBBC 5,54,1975 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 40 mg/kg (3D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | IJMRAQ 65,576,1977 |
| unreported route/mouse | 3 mg/kg (10-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TXAPA9 22,327,1972 |
| unreported route/mouse | 17500 µg/kg (8-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | PSYPAG 12,424,1968 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 21280 mg/kg/38W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Thyroid tumors Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors | PSEBAA 134,113,1970 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis Liver: Tumors | JNCIAM 51,983,1973 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 73 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | FCTXAV 7,215,1969 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 7560 mg/kg/90W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors | FCTXAV 11,433,1973 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 5600 mg/kg/80W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | IJCNAW 19,725,1977 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8760 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4380 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 3150 mg/kg/15W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | ZKKOBW 82,25,1974 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 3408 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | IJCNAW 11,688,1973 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 19 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | IJCNAW 19,179,1977 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 438 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | REONBL 26,177,1979 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 17976 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | TUMOAB 68,11,1982 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 24192 mg/kg/3Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | TUMOAB 68,11,1982 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 29.2 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 31.76 gm/kg/4Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 26.5 gm/kg/151W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20.99 gm/kg/120W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9.03 gm/kg/43W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens | TXAPA9 208,285,2005 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 8100 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TXAPA9 11,88,1967 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 12096 mg/kg/3Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | TUMOAB 68,11,1982 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1225 mg/kg/7W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | TUMOAB 61,113,1975 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 370 mg/kg/80W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | IJCNAW 19,725,1977 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 6.8 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | TIVIEQ 4,17,1990 |
| In Vitro/ctd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µg/L/8H | Endocrine: Other changes | TXAPA9 247,243,2010 |
| In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.4 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | TIVIEQ 4,17,1990 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | Lowest published lethal concentration: 200 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVGK* -,67,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg | Immunological Including Allergic: Anaphylaxis (multiple organ involvement) | HBPTO* 1,770,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32 mg/kg | PESTD5 17,351,1976 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 µg/kg | Liver: Other changes Endocrine: Estrogenic Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXAPA9 201,137,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9100 µg/kg | PESTD5 17,351,1976 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Endocrine: Estrogenic Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | TXAPA9 14,358,1969 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | HBPTO* 2,1320,2001 |
| intravenous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 40 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement | JPETAB 86,213,1946 |
| intravenous/cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 68 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 75 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | JPETAB 86,213,1946 |
| intravenous/monkey | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | JPETAB 86,213,1946 |
| intravenous/monkey | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 55 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement | JPETAB 86,213,1946 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 47 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| oral/cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| oral/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement | JPETAB 86,213,1946 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | MEMOAQ 4,25,1950 | |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg | YKYUA6 32,463,1981 | |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1000 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVGK* -,67,1984 |
| oral/domestic animal | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | MEMOAQ 4,25,1950 | |
| oral/frog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7600 µg/kg | ENVPAF 20,45,1979 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg | EJTXAZ 7,159,1974 | |
| oral/hamster | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5 gm/kg | LBASAE 26,274,1976 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | 85KYAH 11,446,1989 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Analgesia | PHARAT 2,268,1947 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | HBPTO* 2,1322,2001 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 3.57 mg/kg | Taste: Change in function | HBPTO* 2,1323,2001 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 10.71 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve Behavioral: Ataxia | HBPTO* 2,1323,2001 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 21.43 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | HBPTO* 2,1323,2001 |
| oral/infant | lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | BMJOAE 2,845,1945 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg | Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Skin and Appendages: Other: Sweating | CMEP** -,1,1956 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 71.43 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Ataxia Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified | HBPTO* 2,1329,2001 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 4.29 mg/kg | Cardiac: Change in force of contraction Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | HBPTO* 2,1329,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | AVPCAQ 12,31,1975 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVGK* -,67,1984 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg | Liver: Liver function tests impaired | ETOPFR 2,307,1996 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 135 mg/kg | MUREAV 747,164,2012 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVGK* -,67,1984 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg | PCOC** -,347,1966 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 87 mg/kg | DOEAAH 35,25,1979 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | HBPTO* 2,1321,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia | HBPTO* 2,1317,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase | HBPTO* 2,1318,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOSCF2 54,81,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TOSCF2 54,81,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | REPTED 6,491,1992 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 350 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVGK* -,67,1984 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg | Endocrine: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | NRTXDN 8,15,1987 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | ARTODN 79,7,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg | Endocrine: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TOXID9 1,51,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 90,373,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | JTSCDR 29,505,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 106 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | JTSCDR 28,403,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 97 mg/kg | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | JTSCDR 28,403,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | TXCYAC 238,49,2007 |
| parenteral/frog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 24100 µg/kg | AIPTAK 74,343,1947 | |
| skin/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1 gm/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | BMJOAE 1,865,1945 |
| skin/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1000 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| skin/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | BMJOAE 1,865,1945 |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 900 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 900 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | BMJOAE 1,865,1945 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | BMJOAE 1,865,1945 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | BMJOAE 1,865,1945 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg/18H | Endocrine: Estrogenic Endocrine: Changes in endocrine weight (unspecified) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other carbohydrates | JAFCAU 18,1108,1970 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 95 mg/kg | Endocrine: Estrogenic | JAFCAU 18,1108,1970 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1308,2001 | |
| unreported route/human | lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,68,1984 | |
| unreported route/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | GTPZAB 17(3),32,1973 | |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 221 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 | |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TOXID9 66,131,2002 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | TOXID9 66,131,2002 |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | GISAAA 37(10),27,1972 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/2W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,69,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 mg/m3/3D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,69,1994 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 mg/m3/4H/14D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,69,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/4H/2W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,69,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 mg/m3/90W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,69,1994 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | LPDSAP 7,182,1972 |
| intraperitoneal/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 187.5 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Endocrine: Estrogenic | SCIEAS 162,371,1968 |
| intraperitoneal/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 1875 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Endocrine: Estrogenic | SCIEAS 162,371,1968 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic Endocrine: Estrogenic Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | CLPTAT 14,727,1976 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/4D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | TXAPA9 111,99,1991 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | TXAPA9 14,358,1969 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight | BECTA6 34,63,1985 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 612.5 mg/kg/35D- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | HBPTO* 1,770,2001 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/40D- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight | HBPTO* 1,770,2001 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 116.8 gm/kg/4Y- continuous | Liver: Multiple effects Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 73 gm/kg/4Y- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/domestic bird | lowest published toxic dose: 630 gm/kg/12D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | THAUC* 79,104,1962 |
| oral/domestic bird | lowest published toxic dose: 140 gm/kg/8D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | THAUC* 79,104,1962 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 1867 mg/kg/42D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | BCTKAG 7,37,1974 |
| oral/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 65.7 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 17.5 gm/kg/10W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 4900 mg/kg/14W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 11200 mg/kg/32W- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 14,626,1969 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXAPA9 21,98,1972 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 17500 mg/kg/10W- continuous | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | AIPTAK 141,111,1963 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/14W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TOLED5 34,47,1986 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 504 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | BECTA6 37,433,1986 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 53088 µg/kg/24W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | BECTA6 48,535,1992 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25.19 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Liver: Other changes | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8760 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Other changes | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | ENPBBC 4,116,1974 |
| oral/pigeon | lowest published toxic dose: 1517 mg/kg/42D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight | SCIEAS 166,1278,1969 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 12200 mg/kg/61D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Conditioned vitamin deficiency | BECTA6 9,179,1973 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 60714 mg/kg/17W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Thyroid weight (goiter) Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight | POSCAL 53,125,1974 |
| oral/quail | lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/18W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight | POSCAL 53,125,1974 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/20D- intermittent | Behavioral: Tremor Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | BMJOAE 1,865,1945 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 10.5 mg/kg/57D- continuous | Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | TXAPA9 32,587,1975 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 52.4 mg/kg/57D- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TXAPA9 32,587,1975 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 0.75 gm/kg/15D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Liver function tests impaired | JPETAB 99,140,1950 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 117.6 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | HBPTO* 1,770,2001 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Anaphylaxis (multiple organ involvement) | HBPTO* 1,770,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4140 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1309,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2400 mg/kg/60D- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | HBPTO* 1,770,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 23.1 µg/kg/11W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXAPA9 208,285,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9030 mg/kg/43W- continuous | Liver: Tumors Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXAPA9 208,285,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2730 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXAPA9 208,285,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.09 mg/kg/43W- continuous | Liver: Other changes | TXAPA9 208,285,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | TXAPA9 218,280,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14.6 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Multiple effects Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1310,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic | BECTA6 18,231,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1400 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | BECTA6 18,231,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 547.5 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Multiple effects | HBPTO* 2,1311,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 225 mg/kg/45D- intermittent | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia | HBPTO* 2,1317,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Behavioral: Ataxia | HBPTO* 2,1321,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 38.64 mg/kg/161D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | HBPTO* 1,59,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3650 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Liver: Multiple effects | VCVGK* -,68,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 336 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases | IJEBA6 35,1132,1997 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91250 µg/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | JAFCAU 3,402,1955 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 754 mg/kg/52D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | AECTCV 10,459,1981 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | GISAAA 33(1),42,1968 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4300 mg/kg/14W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | APTOA6 28,149,1970 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 462 mg/kg/22W- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | BECTA6 39,827,1987 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6510 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Behavioral: Tremor Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 16,171,1970 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/35D- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | HBPTO* 1,770,2001 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | BCPCA6 62,161,2001 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | JEPOEC 9,283,1989 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 5,83,1974 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 53,179,1991 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 5,83,1974 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 53,179,1991 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 53,179,1991 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JJIND8 93,768,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,101,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | SCIEAS 93,768,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ATXKA8 29,1,1972 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ADCSAJ 1,160,1950 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENVRAL 7,243,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 48,141,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 59,119,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 197,144,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 61,37,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NOALA4 41,271,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MZUZA8 (8),90,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CNDQA8 10(3),43,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ECMAAI 14,141,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DTTIAF 80,485,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 56,107,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AJDDAL 20,331,1953 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AJMEAZ 38,409,1965 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ETOXAC 7,1,1976 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | IRGGAJ 24,193,1968 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BISNAS 20,958,1970 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 85CVA2 5,250,1970 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PHTHDT 7,513,1979 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CTOXAO 13,231,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EESADV 1,89,1977 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EESADV 1,503,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | GISAAA 42(9),66,1977 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BLFSBY 24,129,1983 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTIS** PB82-922903 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AECTCV 41,386,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BNYMAM 54,413,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 134,3,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 134,17,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 526,85,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | LANCAO 366,763,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 22,164,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 21,93,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 27,579,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BPCEM* 16,105,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CLBIAS 39,762,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 39,678,1993 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,725,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,258,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,334,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 658,124,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOXIA6 49,413,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOXIA6 49,490,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 7,1,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 23,337,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 23,260,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 17,69,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 26,1,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 19,111,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 19,155,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,316,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ITODC* -,355,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 672,10,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 672,17,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HTOPA* 1,501,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,93,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 29,116,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 29,322,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 46,813,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,36,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTSCDR 33,389,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 608,157,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 26,13,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 682,94,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FESTAS 90,911,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 23,271,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NBREV* 5,1,1981 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 31,337,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NBREV* 23,1011,1999 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 728,98,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 38,1,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 33,605,2012 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,170,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average (1 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,67,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 1 mg/m3;KZW 10 mg/m3, inhal, skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 1 mg/m3, C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 1 mg/m3, inhal, 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (resp), short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3 (resp), Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-INDIA | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 0.1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.8 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 1 mg/m3, carc 3, inhal, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DDT-air | 10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (0.1 mg/m3 LOQ) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 73750; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 160; Number of Occupations 2; Total Number of Employees Exposed 160 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/95/100137/AS) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster-nondisjunction; Rodent dominant lethal | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster-whole sex chrom. loss | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus; E coli polA without S9 | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal; S cerevisiae-homozygosis | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Host-mediated assay; Sperm morphology-mouse | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; In vitro cytogenetics-nonhuman | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-partial sex chrom. loss | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: V79 cell culture-gene mutation | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);no evidence:mouse,rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-131,1978 |
| NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division