Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
Hydrochloric acid
RTECS #
MW4025000CAS #
7647-01-0; 51005-19-7; 61674-62-2; 113962-65-5Updated
September 201Molecular Weight
36.46Molecular Formula
ClHSynonyms
Acide chlorhydrique (French)Acido cloridrico (Italian)
Anhydrous hydrochloric acid
Chloorwaterstof (Dutch)
Chlorohydric acid
Chlorowodor (Polish)
Chlorwasserstoff (German)
Hydrochloride
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen chloride (ACGIH:OSHA)
Muriatic acid
Spirits of salt
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
eye /rabbit | 5 mg/30S rinse | mild | TXCYAC 23,281,1982 |
skin /human | 4%/24H | mild | BJDEAZ 68,192,1988 |
Mutation Data and Reference
System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Cytogenetic Analysis | parenteral/grasshopper | 20 mg | NULSAK 9,119,1966 |
Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 30 mmol/L | CYTBAI 55,167,1988 |
Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 8 mmol/L | MUREAV 225,55,1989 |
DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 25 µg/well | ENMUDM 3,429,1981 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | inhalation/Drosophila melanogaster | 100 ppm/24H | THAGA6 39,330,1969 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 100 ppm | THAGA6 39,330,1969 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
inhalation/rat | 450 mg/m3/1H (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis | AKGIAO 53(6),69,1977 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.04 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >10000 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 17,717,2003 |
inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4413 ppm/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes | JIHTAB 24,222,1942 |
inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5066 mg/m3/90M | VCVN5* -,383,1989 | |
inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 6400 mg/m3/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1300 ppm/30M | 29ZWAE -,207,1968 | |
inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 ppm/5M | TABIA2 3,231,1933 | |
inhalation/human | Lowest published lethal concentration: 75 mg/m3 | VCVN5* -,383,1989 | |
inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3 | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic concentration: 450 mg/m3/6H | Eye: Corneal damage Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 0.1 gm/m3 | VCVN1* -,440,1988 | |
inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1108 ppm/1H | Eye: Other eye effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other | JCTODH 3,61,1976 |
inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 20487 mg/m3/5M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 8300 mg/m3/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3940 mg/m3/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2644 ppm/30M | ENTOX* -,538,2005 | |
inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4413 ppm/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | JIHTAB 24,222,1942 |
inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5066 mg/m3/90M | VCVN5* -,383,1989 | |
inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 6400 mg/m3/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 60938 mg/m3/5M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 45000 mg/m3/5M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 8300 mg/m3/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3124 ppm/1H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Iritis | AMRL** TR-74-78,1974 |
inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3700 ppm/30M | ENTOX* -,639,2005 | |
inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 7004 mg/m3/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 40142 µg/kg | COREAF 256,1043,1963 | |
intratracheal/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 7.3 mg/kg | Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
intratracheal/hamster | lowest published lethal dose: 146 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | EJPHAZ 488,173,2004 |
intrauterine/man | lowest published lethal dose: 4.28 mL/kg | Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis | AJEMEN 26,634e5,2008 |
oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 4.29 mL/kg | Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis | AJEMEN 26,634.e5,2008 |
oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 2857 µg/kg | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of esophagus | MJAUAJ 158,28,1993 |
oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 0.243 gm/kg | Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach | BMCPH* 2,21,2002 |
oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 900 mg/kg | BIZEA2 134,437,1923 | |
oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 420 µL/kg | Behavioral: Excitement Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria | JJTOEX 9,351,1996 |
subcutaneous/human | lowest published toxic dose: 0.043 mL/kg | Vascular: Acute arterial occulsion Musculoskeletal: Other changes | AJEMEN 23,394,2005 |
unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 81 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 mg/m3/6H/50D- intermittent | Behavioral: Irritability Blood: Other changes | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 149 mg/m3/6H/5D- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 mg/m3/6H/50D- intermittent | Behavioral: Irritability Blood: Other changes | VCVN5* -,383,1989 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 685 µg/m3/24H/84D- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | GISAAA 38(3),6,1973 |
Reviews
Organization | Standard | Reference |
---|---|---|
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 2 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 54,189,1992 |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 54,189,1992 |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 54,189,1992 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ARTODN 39,299,1978 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AOHYA3 17,159,1974 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 11,163,1975 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 9,6,2002 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 46,551,2000 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,639,2005 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,538,2005 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,661,1996 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,671,1996 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 47,1287,2009 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PRESR* 7,123,2006 |
Standards and Regulations
Organization | Standard | Reference |
---|---|---|
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | RED Completed | RBREV* -,324,1998 |
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD | air-ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,129,1971 |
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7.5 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 5 ppm (8 mg/m3);KZW 10 ppm (15 mg/m3), 2007 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 5 ppm (8 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (15 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7 mg/m3), MAY2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 8 mg/m3 (5 ppm);short term exposure limit 15 mg/m3 (10 ppm), JUN2000 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | short term exposure limit 5 ppm (7.6 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VLE 5 ppm (7.6 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 2 ppm (3 mg/m3), 2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 8 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 16 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | short term exposure limit 5 ppm (8 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7.5 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7.5 mg/m3), 2006 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | peak 5 ppm (7 mg/m3), 2004 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7.5 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 5 ppm (7 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | short term exposure limit 2 ppm (3 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m3, CEILING 7 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (8 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 2 ppm (3 mg/m3), KZG-week 4 ppm (6 mg/m3), JAN2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (7 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 8 mg/m3, 2003 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 5 ppm (7 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 5 ppm (7 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 1 ppm (2 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 5 ppm (8 mg/m3) (gas, mist), OCT2007 | |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (7 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
Organization | Standard | Reference |
---|---|---|
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO HYDROGEN CHLORIDE-air | ceiling concentration 5 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 38580; Number of Industries 321; Total Number of Facilities 60309; Number of Occupations 183; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1238572; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 388130 | |
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 38580; Number of Industries 360; Total Number of Facilities 87434; Number of Occupations 156; Total Number of Employees Exposed 824985 |
Status in Federal Agencies
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division