Chloroacetaldehyde

CAS number: 107–20–0

NIOSH REL: 1 ppm (3 mg/m³) CEILING

Current OSHA PEL: 1 ppm (3 mg/m³) CEILING

1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL

1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 1 ppm (3.2 mg/m³) CEILING

Description of Substance: Colorless liquid with an acrid, penetrating odor.

LEL: . . Unknown

Original (SCP) IDLH: 100 ppm

Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on an analogy with crotonaldehyde. Rinehart [1967] found 100 ppm crotonaldehyde to be a lethal concentration for rats for a 4-hour exposure; the LC₅₀ for 30 minutes was 600 ppm. Human subjects found 45 ppm crotonaldehyde very disagreeable and conjunctival irritation was observed [Dow 1962 as cited by ACGIH 1971]. Based on the data cited above for crotonaldehyde, an IDLH of 100 ppm is chosen for chloroacetaldehyde.

Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

Lethal concentration data:

Species	Reference	LC50 (ppm)	LCLo (ppm)	Time	Adjusted 0.5-hr LC (CF)	Derived value
Rat	EPA 1987	200	-----	1 hr	250 ppm (1.25)	25 ppm

Lethal dose data:

Species	Reference	Route	LD50 (mg/kg)	LDLo (mg/kg)	Adjusted LD	Derived value
Rat Mouse	Lawrence et al. 1972 Lawrence et al. 1972	oral oral	89 82	----- -----	191 ppm 176 ppm	19 ppm 18 ppm

Human data: Volunteers found 45 ppm to be very disagreeable and conjunctival irritation was observed [Dow 1962].

Revised IDLH: 45 ppm Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for chloroacetaldehyde is 45 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Dow 1962]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers exposed to concentrations above 45 ppm.

REFERENCES:

1. ACGIH [1971]. Crotonaldehyde. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 62-63.

2. Dow [1962]. Personal communication to a ACGIH TLV Committee member from the Dow Chemical Company, Biochemical Research Department.

3. EPA [1987]. TSCA section 8e submission and status report on chloroacetone and chloroacetaldehyde. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Report No. 8EHQ-0387-0660, April 22, 1987.

4. Lawrence WH, Dillingham EO, Turner JE [1972]. Toxicity profile of chloracetaldehyde. J Pharm Sci 61:19-25.

5. Rinehart WE [1967]. The effect on rats of single exposures to crotonaldehyde vapor. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 28:561-566.