National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, a program of the National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences

Paramyotonia congenita



Other Names:
PMC; Paramyotonia congenita of Von Eulenburg; Paralysis periodica paramyotonica; PMC; Paramyotonia congenita of Von Eulenburg; Paralysis periodica paramyotonica; Eulenburg disease; Myotonia congenita intermittens; Von Eulenburg paramyotonia congenita See More
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Paramyotonia congenita is an inherited condition that affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), mainly in the face, neck, arms, and hands. Symptoms begin in infancy or early childhood and include episodes of sustained muscle tensing (myotonia) that prevent muscles from relaxing normally and lead to muscle weakness.  Symptoms in paramyotonia congenita worsen during exposure to cold temperatures, and unlike many other forms of myotonia, worsen with exercise and repeated movements. This condition is caused by mutations in the SCN4A gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.[1]
Last updated: 5/18/2012

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Cold paresis 0031372
Cold-sensitive myotonia 0012904
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty
[ more ]
0002015
Facial muscle hypertrophy
Increased size of facial muscles
Large facial muscles
[ more ]
0012892
Feeding difficulties
Feeding problems
Poor feeding
[ more ]
0011968
Handgrip myotonia 0012899
Muscle stiffness 0003552
Myalgia
Muscle ache
Muscle pain
[ more ]
0003326
Myotonia of the face 0012900
Myotonia of the jaw 0012901
Myotonia of the upper limb 0012903
Neonatal hypotonia
Low muscle tone, in neonatal onset
0001319
Neonatal inspiratory stridor 0004875
Paradoxical myotonia 0011809
Percussion myotonia 0010548
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal blood potassium concentration 0011042
EMG: myopathic abnormalities 0003458
Periodic hypokalemic paresis 0008153
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal dominant inheritance 0000006
Infantile onset
Onset in first year of life
Onset in infancy
[ more ]
0003593
Inspiratory stridor 0005348
Muscle weakness
Muscular weakness
0001324
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Increased skeletal muscle cells
0003712
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Last updated: 7/1/2020

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources


Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Clinical Research Resources

  • ClinicalTrials.gov lists trials that are related to Paramyotonia congenita. Click on the link to go to ClinicalTrials.gov to read descriptions of these studies.

    Please note: Studies listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website are listed for informational purposes only; being listed does not reflect an endorsement by GARD or the NIH. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare provider before choosing to participate in any clinical study.

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease


These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

In-Depth Information

  • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Paramyotonia congenita. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know. Submit a new question

  • I was diagnosed with paramyotonia congenita when I was young.  If I have children, would pregnancy cause serious health issues related to my condition? See answer



  1. Paramyotonia congenita. Genetics Home Reference. April 2007 ; http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/paramyotonia-congenita. Accessed 11/17/2011.