Ilioinguinal nerve

Ilioinguinal nerve
Plan of the lumbar plexus. The ilioinguinal is visible at the upper left.
The lumbar plexus and its branches. The ilioinguinal nerve is visible at the upper left.
Details
From	lumbar plexus
Innervates	Skin over the root of the penis and upper part of the scrotum (male), skin covering the mons pubis and labium majus (female). Motor innervation of the transverse abdominus and obliques.
Identifiers
Latin	nervus ilioinguinalis
TA98	A14.2.07.006
TA2	6499
FMA	16483
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the first lumbar nerve (L1). It separates from the first lumbar nerve along with the larger iliohypogastric nerve. It emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major just inferior to the iliohypogastric, and passes obliquely across the quadratus lumborum and iliacus. The ilioinguinal nerve then perforates the transversus abdominis near the anterior part of the iliac crest, and communicates with the iliohypogastric nerve between the transversus and the internal oblique muscle.

It then pierces the internal oblique muscle, distributing filaments to it, and then accompanies the spermatic cord (in males) or the round ligament of uterus (in females) through the superficial inguinal ring. Its fibres are then distributed to the skin of the upper and medial part of the thigh, and to the following locations in the male and female:

• In the male ("anterior scrotal nerve"): to the skin over the root of the penis and upper part of the scrotum.
• In the female ("anterior labial nerve"): to the skin covering the mons pubis and labia majora.

The ilioinguinal nerve does not pass through the deep inguinal ring, and thus only travels through part of the inguinal canal. It mediates the cremasteric reflex.

Variations

The size of this nerve is in inverse proportion to that of the iliohypogastric. Occasionally it is very small, and ends by joining the iliohypogastric; in such cases, a branch from the iliohypogastric takes the place of the ilioinguinal, or the latter nerve may be altogether absent.

Ilioinguinal nerve block

The ilioinguinal nerve is clinically important when considering an ilioinguinal or iliohypogastric nerve block.

The indications for nerve block include anaesthesia for procedures involving the abdominal region such as inguinal herniorrhaphy or pain relief for procedures such as a c-section. Ropivacaine is an example of the anaesthetic which may be used for the block.^[1]

Additional images

• 
  Deep and superficial dissection of the lumbar plexus.
• 
  Cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity. Front and posterior views.
• 
  Cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity. Front and posterior views.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 952 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• Ilioinguinal_nerve at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
• Atlas image: abdo_wall70 at the University of Michigan Health System - "Posterior abdominal wall, dissection, anterior view"
• Anatomy photo:35:05-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Anterior Abdominal Wall: The Iliohypogastric and IlioInguinal Nerves"
• Anatomy photo:40:17-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Nerves of the Lumbar Plexus"
• Anatomy image:7433 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
• posteriorabdomen at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (posteriorabdmus&nerves)