Factor VIII (medication)

Factor VIII
A depiction of factor VIII
Names
Trade namesAafact, Kovaltry, others[1]
Other namesOctocog alfa; moroctocog alfa; turoctocog alfa
Clinical data
WHO AWaReUnlinkedWikibase error: ⧼unlinkedwikibase-error-statements-entity-not-set⧽
Routes of
use		Intravenous (IV)
Defined daily dose500 U[2]
External links
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Legal
Legal status
  • US: ℞-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)

Factor VIII is a medication used to treat and prevent bleeding in people with hemophilia A and other causes of low factor VIII.[3][4] Certain preparations may also be used in those with von Willebrand's disease.[4] It is given by slow injection into a vein.[3]

Side effects include skin flushing, shortness of breath, fever, and red blood cell breakdown.[3][4] Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis may occur.[4] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby.[5] A purified factor VIII concentrate is made from human blood plasma.[4] A recombinant version is also available.[3] People may develop antibodies to factor VIII such that this medication becomes less effective.[5]

Factor VIII was first identified in the 1940s and became available as a medication in the 1960s.[6][7] Recombinant factor VIII was first made in 1984 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1992.[8][9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$119–497 per 500 IU vial.[11]

Medical uses

Dosage

The defined daily dose is 500 U by injection.[2]

History

This transfer of a plasma byproduct into the blood stream of a hemophiliac often led to the transmission of diseases such as HIV and hepatitis before purification methods were improved. In the early 1990s, pharmaceutical companies began to produce recombinant synthesized factor products, which now prevent nearly all forms of disease transmission during replacement therapy.

Society and culture

Available forms

Factor VIII is delivered by intravenous infusion.[12]

Cost

The cost of Factor VIII and similar clotting factors has been described as "highly expensive".[12] The cost of the clotting factors is 80% of all medical costs for people with hemophilia.[13] They are so expensive that gene therapy for haemophilia might be less expensive, especially for people with severe hemophilia.[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Coagulation Factor VIII, Human". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  2. 1 2 "Single Drug Information – International Medical Products Price Guide". mshpriceguide. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 259–60. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 British National Formulary : BNF 69. British Medical Association. 2015. p. 171. ISBN 978-0857111562.
  5. 1 2 "Alphanate – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) – (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  6. ↑ Potts, D.M. (2011). Queen Victoria's Gene: Haemophilia and the Royal Family (Chapter 5). The History Press. ISBN 978-0752471969. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
  7. ↑ Sibinga, Cees Smit; Das, P.C.; Overby, L.R. (2012). Biotechnology in blood transfusion: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Symposium on Blood Transfusion, Groningen 1987, organized by the Red Cross Blood Bank Groningen-Drenthe. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 224. ISBN 978-1461317616. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
  8. ↑ Buckel, P. (2012). Recombinant Protein Drugs. Birkhäuser. p. 79. ISBN 978-3034883467. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
  9. ↑ Hillyer, Christopher D. (2006). Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles & Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 353. ISBN 0443069816. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
  10. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  11. ↑ "Factor Viii". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  12. 1 2 Nathwani, Amit C.; Davidoff, Andrew M.; Tuddenham, Edward G. D. (October 2017). "Gene Therapy for Hemophilia". Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 31 (5): 853–868. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2017.06.011. ISSN 1558-1977. PMID 28895852. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-07-15.
  13. 1 2 Machin, Nicoletta; Ragni, Margaret V.; Smith, Kenneth J. (2018-07-24). "Gene therapy in hemophilia A: a cost-effectiveness analysis". Blood Advances. 2 (14): 1792–1798. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018021345. ISSN 2473-9529. PMC 6058236. PMID 30042145. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2020-07-15.
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