Eucoccidiorida

Eucoccidiorida
"Toxoplasma gondii" tachyzoites
Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites
Scientific classification
Clade: SAR
Infrakingdom: Alveolata
Phylum: Apicomplexa
Class: Conoidasida
Subclass: Coccidia
Order: Eucoccidiorida
Léger & Duboscq, 1910
Suborders

The Eucoccidiorida are an order of microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled parasites belonging to the apicomplexan class Conoidasida. Protozoans of this order include parasites of humans, and both domesticated and wild animals including birds. Among these parasites are the Toxoplasma gondii that cause toxoplasmosis and Isospora belli, which results in isosporiasis.

Definition

This is the largest order in the class Conoidasida and contains those species that all undergo merogony (asexual), gametogony (sexual) and sporogony (spore formation) during their lifecycles.

Genera

Nineteen families, three subfamilies, and 70 genera are recognised in this order. The genera include:

Adelea, Adelina, Aggregata, Alveocystis, Atoxoplasma, Babesiosoma, Barrouxia, Bartazoon, Besnoitia, Calyptospora, Caryospora, Caryotropha, Chagasella, Choleoeimeria, Cryptosporidium, Crystallospora, Cyclospora, Cyrilia, Cystoisospora, Dactylosoma, Desseria, Diaspora, Dorisa, Dorisiella, Eimeria, Elleipsisoma, Epieimeria, Frenkelia, Ganapatiella, Gibbsia, Goussia, Gousseffia, Grasseella, Hammondia, Haemogregarina, Hemolivia, Hepatozoon, Heydornia, Hoarella, Hyaloklossia, Isospora, Ithania, Karyolysus, Klossia, Klossiella, Lankesterella, Legerella, Margolisiella, Mantonella, Merocystis, Nephroisospora, Neospora, Octosporella, Orcheobius, Ovivora, Pfeifferinella, Polysporella, Pseudoklossia, Pythonella, Rasajeyna, Sarcocystis, Schellackia, Selenococcidium, Selysina, Sivatoshella, Skrjabinella, Spirocystis, Toxoplasma, Tyzzeria, Wenyonella

Among the heteroxenous and cyst-forming genera are: Besnoitia, Cystoisospora, Frenkelia, Hammondia, Neospora, Sarcocystis, and Toxoplasma.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of this group is complex and only partly understood. Two major clades have been identified: the isosporoid coccidia (Toxoplasma, Neospora, Isospora [in part], and Sarcocystis) and a second clade containing Lankesterella, Caryospora and the eimeriid coccidia (Cyclospora, Isospora [in part] and Eimeria).[1] Isospora is more closely related to the Toxoplasma/Neospora clade than to Sarcocystis.[2]

Families

About 1,000 species are in the genus Eimeria.

Some of the genera have been organised into families.

  • Family Barrouxiidae
    • Genera
      • Barrouxia
      • Goussia
  • Family Sarcocystidae
    • Genera
      • Besnoitia
      • Cystoisospora
      • Neospora
      • Sarcocystis
      • Toxoplasma

References

  1. ↑ Barta JR, Martin DS, Carreno RA, et al. (February 2001). "Molecular phylogeny of the other tissue coccidia: Lankesterella and Caryospora". J. Parasitol. 87 (1): 121–7. doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0121:MPOTOT]2.0.CO;2. PMID 11227876.
  2. ↑ Carreno RA, Schnitzler BE, Jeffries AC, Tenter AM, Johnson AM, Barta JR (1998). "Phylogenetic analysis of coccidia based on 18S rDNA sequence comparison indicates that Isospora is most closely related to Toxoplasma and Neospora". J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 45 (2): 184–8. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04523.x. PMID 9561772.
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