Fitzsimmons–Guilbert syndrome

Fitzsimmons–Guilbert syndrome
Other namesParaplegia-brachydactyly-cone-shaped epiphysis syndrome

Fitzsimmons–Guilbert syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disease characterized by a slowly progressive spastic paraplegia, skeletal anomalies of the hands and feet with brachydactyly type E, cone-shaped epiphyses, abnormal metaphyseal–phalangeal pattern profile, sternal anomaly (pectus carinatum or excavatum), dysarthria, and mild intellectual deficit.[1]

Pathophysiology

With so few described cases, establishing the basic pathophysiological mechanisms or genetic abnormalities has not been possible.

Diagnosis

Treatment

History

Fitzsimmons and Guilbert first described male uniovular twins, aged 20 years, who had had slowly progressive spastic paraplegia from early in life.[2] Both had skeletal abnormalities of the hands and feet: brachydactyly, cone-shaped epiphyses, and an abnormal metaphyseal-phalangeal pattern profile. In addition, they had nonspecific dysarthria and low-normal intellectual capacity.[2]

Since the original report, three more cases have been described, including two (Lacassie et al.) with a more severe mental retardation and a different metacarpal-phalangeal pattern profile, though these cases may represent a new disease entity.[3][4]

References

  1. ↑ "Paraplegia – brachydactyly – cone-shaped epiphysis". ORPHANET. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
  2. 1 2 Fitzsimmons J, Guilbert P (1987). "Spastic paraplegia associated with brachydactyly and cone shaped epiphyses". J Med Genet. 24 (11): 702–5. doi:10.1136/jmg.24.11.702. PMC 1050351. PMID 3430547.
  3. ↑ Hennekam R (1994). "Spastic paraplegia, dysarthria, brachydactyly, and cone shaped epiphyses: confirmation of the Fitzsimmons syndrome". J Med Genet. 31 (3): 251–2. doi:10.1136/jmg.31.3.251. PMC 1049754. PMID 8014978.
  4. ↑ Lacassie Y, Arriaza M, Duncan M, Dijamco C, McElveen C, Stahls P (1999). "Identical twins with mental retardation, dysarthria, progressive spastic paraplegia, and brachydactyly type E: a new syndrome or variant of Fitzsimmons-Guilbert syndrome?". Am J Med Genet. 84 (2): 90–3. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990521)84:2<90::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-8. PMID 10323731.
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