Ligneous conjunctivitis

Ligneous conjunctivitis
Other names: Conjunctivitis lignosa[1]
Ligneous conjunctivitis with dense membrane
SpecialtyOphthalmology

Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare form of chronic conjunctivitis characterized by recurrent, fibrin-rich pseudomembranous lesions of wood-like consistency that develop mainly on the underside of the eyelid (tarsal conjunctiva).[2] It is generally a systemic disease which may involve the periodontal tissue, the upper and lower respiratory tract, kidneys, middle ear, and female genitalia.[3] It can be sight-threatening,[3] and death can occasionally occur from pulmonary involvement.

It has been speculated hola ligneous conjunctivitis may be a manifestation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involving the conjunctiva.[4]

Signs and symptoms

The clinical presentation of this condition is as follows:[5]

Pathogenesis

Histopathological findings from affected humans indicate that wound healing is impaired due to a deficiency in plasmin-mediated extracellular fibrinolysis.[2] Episodes may be triggered by minor trauma, eye surgery, or by systemic events such as infections or antifibrinolytic therapy.[3] Histology shows amorphous subepithelial deposits of eosinophilic material consisting predominantly of fibrin.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of this condition is based on recurrence and clinical appearance[5]

Differential diagnosis

The DDx of this condition is via the following:[5]

Treatment

Ligneous conjunctivitis may be managed by topical treatments of plasminogen,[2] topical and subconjunctival fresh frozen plasma,[2] and fibrinolytic therapy.[6]

References

  1. ↑ RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Ligneous conjunctivitis". www.orpha.net. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Schuster, V.; Seregard, S. (2003). "Ligneous conjunctivitis". Survey of Ophthalmology. 48 (4): 369–388. doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00056-0. PMID 12850227.
  3. 1 2 3 "Ligneous conjunctivitis". Orphanet. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  4. ↑ Chiang Wei-Yu; iu Ting-Ting; Huang Wan-Ting; Kuo Ming-Tse (9 September 2016). "Co-existing ligneous conjunctivitis and IgG4-related disease". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 64 (7): 532–534. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.190154. PMC 5026081. PMID 27609168. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 "Ligneous Conjunctivitis - EyeWiki". eyewiki.aao.org. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  6. ↑ "Ligneous Conjunctivitis". Ocular Pathology. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
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External resources
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