Monorchism

Monorchism
SpecialtyMedical genetics 
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Monorchism (also monorchidism) is the state of having only one testicle within the scrotum.

Causes

This can be due to:

  • One testicle not descending into the scrotum during normal embryonic or fetal development (3–4% of 'normal' live births), also known as undescended testis or cryptorchidism. In this case the testis is within the abdominal cavity, somewhere along the normal route of descent – most commonly, within the inguinal canal. Such a testis has an increased risk of malignancy.
  • One testicle may disappear during development (the so-called vanishing testis) due to some intrauterine insult. This is thought to be most likely vascular, such as testicular torsion.
  • One testicle may have been surgically removed through orchiectomy.
  • One testicle may be injured.

Notable cases

Due to testicular cancer

  • Lance Armstrong, American bicyclist.[1]
  • Ashley Gray, Ironman triathlete
  • Frank Church, late U.S. Senator and a presidential aspirant in 1976. His monorchism was revealed publicly during the 1976 presidential campaign.[2]
  • Tom Green, Canadian comedian-actor.[3]
  • Richard Herring, English comedian and writer
  • John Kruk, former baseball player
  • Mark Latham, former Australian politician.[4]
  • Geoff Horsfield, English footballer.[5]
  • Nenê, Brazilian basketball player.[6]
  • Kevin Curtis, American football player.[7]
  • Nigel Farage, former leader of the UK Independence Party.[8]
  • Bobby Moore, English footballer and World Cup winner.[9]
  • Jimmy White, English snooker player.[10]

Due to injury

  • Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, magnate of the Kingdom of Scotland, and Peer of France. Lost in 1403, while fighting at the Battle of Shrewsbury (The previous year he had lost an eye at the Battle of Homildon Hill).[11]
  • Troy Bayliss, world superbike champion in 2001, 2006 and 2008. In 2007 he lost a testicle during a race at Donington Park.[12]
  • Brian Foster, American mixed martial artist.[13]
  • John Starks, American basketball player.[14]
  • Paul Wood, English rugby league player who suffered a ruptured testicle during a match and subsequently had it removed.[15]
  • Thurgood Marshall, United States Supreme Court Justice who injured a testicle during a fraternity event in university.[16]
  • Porvali Robert, Grandson of Seppo Porvali and nephew of Finnish author Mikko Porvali, injured his testicle whilst downhill skiing in Ylläs.

Due to cryptorchidism

  • Mao Zedong, known as Chairman Mao, Chinese dictator.[17]

Unknown

  • Adolf Hitler is often hypothesized to have had only one testicle, though this is an unproven assertion.
  • Francisco Franco, caudillo of Spain.[18]

Monorchism in nonhuman animals

Although extremely rare, monorchism has been observed to be characteristic of some animal species, notably in beetles.[19]

Terminology

An individual having monorchism can be referred to as monorchid.

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.salon.com/health/feature/1999/07/29/lance/index.html Salon.com - Lance Armstrong
  2. ↑ "1984-01-23 HOSPITALIZED. Frank Church, 59". TIME. 1984-01-23. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  3. ↑ http://www.usrf.org/tomgreen.shtml Urological Sciences Research Foundation page on Tom Green
  4. ↑ http://www.abc.net.au/gnt/health/Transcripts/s951129.htm ABC: Testicular Cancer and Mark Latham
  5. ↑ Baggaley, Michael (July 22, 2009). "Port Vale: Horsfield hoping his luck can rub off on Valiants". The Sentinel. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  6. ↑ "Nuggets: Nene's testicular tumor malignant, cancer isolated". USA Today. January 22, 2008. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
  7. ↑ "After surgery for cancer, wide receiver Kevin Curtis gets a chance with Miami Dolphins". Palm Beach Post. December 17, 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
  8. ↑ Farage, Nigel (13 March 2015). "Nigel Farage: Cancer, a lemon-sized testicle and how the NHS failed me". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  9. ↑ "David Beckham is great, but Bobby Moore was one of a kind". Mirror. February 14, 2009. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
  10. ↑ White, Jimmy; Kingsland, Rosemary (1998). Behind the White Ball: My Autobiography. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-09-180126-7.
  11. ↑ Chronicle of John Hardyng, ed. Ellis, H., p.381. London, 1812.
  12. ↑ "Hard Man Bayliss". Visordown. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  13. ↑ "MMA cost Brian Foster a nut". Rebellion Media. April 13, 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
  14. ↑ "NBA Playoffs 2001 - Starks has twisted testicle removed". www.espn.com.
  15. ↑ "Warrington Wolves: Paul Wood has testicle removed". BBC. 7 October 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  16. ↑ Merry, Stephanie (2017-10-05). "The new Thurgood Marshall biopic is trying not to be a 'good for you' movie". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  17. ↑ Li Zhisui (2010). Private Life Of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician. Random House. p. 100. ISBN 9781407059228.
  18. ↑ "BBC News - Spain's Franco 'had one testicle'". 18 May 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  19. ↑ Will KW, Liebherr JK, Maddison DR, Galián J (2005). "Absence asymmetry: the evolution of monorchid beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)". J. Morphol. 264 (1): 75–93. doi:10.1002/jmor.10319. PMID 15732050. S2CID 38195864. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.
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