ZC45 and ZXC21

ZC45 and ZXC21
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Nidovirales
Family: Coronaviridae
Genus: Betacoronavirus
Subgenus: Sarbecovirus
Species:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus
Strain:
ZC45 and ZXC21

ZC45 and ZXC21, sometimes known as the Zhoushan virus,[1] are two bat-derived strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus. They were collected in least horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus pusillus) from sites in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China and published in 2018. These two virus strains belong to the clade of SARS-CoV-2, the virus strain that causes COVID-19, sharing 88% nucleotide identity at the scale of the complete virus genome.[2][3]

A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses is:[4][5]

SARS‑CoV‑2 related coronavirus
 

(Bat) Rc-o319, 81% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus cornutus, Iwate, Japan[6]

 
 
 
 

Bat SL-ZXC21, 88% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus, Zhoushan, Zhejiang[7]

 
 

Bat SL-ZC45, 88% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus, Zhoushan, Zhejiang[7]

 
 
 
 

Pangolin SARSr-CoV-GX, 89% to SARS-CoV-2, Manis javanica, smuggled from Southeast Asia[8]

 
 
 

Pangolin SARSr-CoV-GD, 91% to SARS-CoV-2, Manis javanica, smuggled from Southeast Asia[9]

 
 
 
 

Bat RshSTT182, 92.6% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus shameli, Steung Treng, Cambodia[10]

 
 

Bat RshSTT200, 92.6% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus shameli, Steung Treng, Cambodia[10]

 
 
 
 

(Bat) RacCS203, 91.5% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus acuminatus, Chachoengsao, Thailand[5]

 
 

(Bat) RmYN02, 93.3% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus malayanus, Mengla, Yunnan[11]

 
 
 

(Bat) RpYN06, 94.4% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan[4]

 
 
 

(Bat) RaTG13, 96.1% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus affinis, Mojiang, Yunnan

 
 

SARS-CoV-2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

SARS-CoV-1, 79% to SARS-CoV-2

 

References

  1. ↑ 林祖偉 (2020-04-03). "肺炎疫情：新冠病毒到底哪來的？科學界的幾種說法". BBC中文. Archived from the original on 2020-07-30. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  2. ↑ Lau, Susanna K.P.; Luk, Hayes K.H.; Wong, Antonio C.P.; Li, Kenneth S.M.; Zhu, Longchao; He, Zirong; Fung, Joshua; Chan, Tony T.Y.; Fung, Kitty S.C.; Woo, Patrick C.Y. (2020). "Possible Bat Origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 26 (7): 1542–1547. doi:10.3201/eid2607.200092. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 7323513. PMID 32315281.
  3. ↑ Zhou, Hong; Chen, Xing; Hu, Tao; Li, Juan; Song, Hao; Liu, Yanran; Wang, Peihan; Liu, Di; Yang, Jing; Holmes, Edward C.; Hughes, Alice C.; Bi, Yuhai; Shi, Weifeng (2020). "A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein". Current Biology. 30 (11): 2196–2203.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.023. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 7211627. PMID 32416074.
  4. 1 2 Zhou H, Ji J, Chen X, Bi Y, Li J, Wang Q, et al. (June 2021). "Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses". Cell. 184 (17): 4380–4391.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.008. PMC 8188299. PMID 34147139.
  5. 1 2 Wacharapluesadee S, Tan CW, Maneeorn P, Duengkae P, Zhu F, Joyjinda Y, et al. (February 2021). "Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses circulating in bats and pangolins in Southeast Asia". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 972. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12..972W. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21240-1. PMC 7873279. PMID 33563978.
  6. ↑ Murakami S, Kitamura T, Suzuki J, Sato R, Aoi T, Fujii M, et al. (December 2020). "Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 26 (12): 3025–3029. doi:10.3201/eid2612.203386. PMC 7706965. PMID 33219796.
  7. 1 2 Zhou H, Chen X, Hu T, Li J, Song H, Liu Y, et al. (June 2020). "A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein". Current Biology. 30 (11): 2196–2203.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.023. PMC 7211627. PMID 32416074.
  8. ↑ Lam TT, Jia N, Zhang YW, Shum MH, Jiang JF, Zhu HC, et al. (July 2020). "Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins". Nature. 583 (7815): 282–285. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..282L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2169-0. PMID 32218527. S2CID 214683303.
  9. ↑ Liu P, Jiang JZ, Wan XF, Hua Y, Li L, Zhou J, et al. (May 2020). "Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)?". PLOS Pathogens. 16 (5): e1008421. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008421. PMC 7224457. PMID 32407364.
  10. 1 2 Delaune, Deborah; Hul, Vibol; Karlsson, Erik A.; Hassanin, Alexandre; Ou, Tey Putita; Baidaliuk, Artem; Gámbaro, Fabiana; Prot, Matthieu; Tu, Vuong Tan; Chea, Sokha; Keatts, Lucy; Mazet, Jonna; Johnson, Christine K.; Buchy, Philippe; Dussart, Philippe; Goldstein, Tracey; Simon-Lorière, Etienne; Duong, Veasna (9 November 2021). "A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6563. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26809-4. ISSN 2041-1723.
  11. ↑ Zhou H, Chen X, Hu T, Li J, Song H, Liu Y, et al. (June 2020). "A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein". Current Biology. 30 (11): 2196–2203.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.023. PMC 7211627. PMID 32416074.


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