1863 Manila earthquake
The 1863 Manila earthquake struck the Philippines on June 3, 1863.[3][4][5][6]
.svg.png.webp)  | |
| Local date | June 3, 1863 |
|---|---|
| Local time | 19:30 PST[1] |
| Duration | 30 seconds |
| Magnitude | 7.4 Ms 6.5 Mw |
| Epicenter | 14.55°N 120.9°E[2] |
| Fault | Manila trench |
| Areas affected | Manila Bay |
| Max. intensity | PEIS – IX (Devastating) XI (Extreme) |
| Tsunami | Yes |
| Landslides | Yes |
| Foreshocks | Mw4.9 Mw4.5 |
| Aftershocks | 822 (83 felt) including Mw5.1 aftershock |
| Casualties | 1,000 dead, 200+ injured |
Overview
The Manila earthquake on June 3, 1863, destroyed Manila Cathedral, the Ayuntamiento (city hall), the Governor's Palace (all three located at the time on Plaza Mayor, now Plaza de Roma) and much of the city. The residence of the governor-general was moved to Malacañang Palace located about 3 km (1.9 miles) up the Pasig River, while the other two buildings were rebuilt in place. Fatalities was 1,000.[1]
Epicenter and effects
Manila and adjacent provinces. A disastrous earthquake, comparable with that of 1645. Laid in ruins the cathedral and nearly all the other churches, except San Agustin, the palace of the Governor-General, the Audiencia, the barracks, warehouses, etc.; all in all, 46 public buildings in ruins and 25 others badly damaged. Of private houses 570 were destroyed, 531 left tottering. Total, 1,172 buildings in ruins or badly damaged. The number of victims was appalling. It is estimated that in Manila and the surrounding towns alone the number of killed reached 400, that of the injured 2,000. The catastrophe likewise involved many towns in Rizal, Laguna, and Cavite, where it destroyed churches and a great number of houses.
References
- Davis, Lee (2008). Natural Disasters (New ed.). Facts on File. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-0-8160-7000-8.
- "Tokuji Utsu (宇津徳治)". iisee.kenken.go.jp (in Japanese).
- Gealogo, Francis A. (2016). "Historical Seismology and the Documentation of Postdisaster Conditions: The 1863 and 1880 Luzon Earthquakes". Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints. 64 (3–4): 359–384. doi:10.1353/phs.2016.0033. JSTOR 26621935. S2CID 151885877.
- "History of Disasters in Some Places in Philippines". Retrieved July 20, 2021 – via Scribd.
- Blanco, John D. (2009). Frontier Constitutions: Christianity and Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94369-8.
- Kozák, Jan; Musson, Roger M. W. (2020). The Illustrated History of the Elements: Earth, Water, Air, Fire. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-21426-5.