1910 United States census

The 1910 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau on April 15, 1910, determined the resident population of the United States to be 92,228,496, an increase of 21 percent over the 76,212,168 persons enumerated during the 1900 census. The 1910 census switched from a portrait page orientation to a landscape orientation.

Thirteenth census
of the United States
April 15, 1910
U.S. Census Bureau seal
General information
CountryUnited States
Results
Total population92,228,496 (Increase 21%)
Most populous ​stateNew York
9,113,614
Least populous ​stateNevada
81,875

This was the last census in which Texas did not record any top 50 largest cities by population, despite being the 5th most populous state at the time. It was also the first census in which all the top 50 largest cities had population over 100,000, and the first census to occur after New York City's five-borough amalgamation — Brooklyn was previously the 4th largest city in the United States on its own.

Census questions

The 1910 census collected the following information:[1]

  • address
  • name
  • relationship to head of family
  • sex
  • race
  • age
  • marital status and, if married, number of years of present marriage
  • for women, number of children born and number now living
  • place of birth and mother tongue of person, and their parents
  • if foreign born, year of immigration; whether naturalized; whether able to speak English and, if unable, language spoken
  • occupation, industry and class of worker
  • if an employee, whether out of work during year
  • literacy
  • school attendance
  • whether home owned or rented, and, if owned, whether mortgaged
  • whether farm or house
  • whether a survivor of Union or Confederate Army or Navy
  • whether blind, deaf, or dumb

Full documentation for the 1910 census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.

Column titles

The column titles in the census form are as follows:

LOCATION. Street, avenue, road, etc.
House number (in cities or towns).
1. Number of dwelling house in order of visitation.
2. Number of family in order of visitation.

3. NAME of each person whose place of abode on April 15, 1910, was in this family.

Enter surname first, then the given name and middle initial, if any.

Include every person living on April 15, 1910. Omit children born since April 15, 1910.

RELATION.

4. Relationship of this person to the head of the family.

PERSONAL DESCRIPTION.

5. Sex.

6. Color or race.

7. Age at last birthday.

8. Whether single, married, widowed, or divorced.

9. Number of years of present marriage.

10. Mother of how many children: Number born.

11. Mother of how many children: Number now living.

NATIVITY.

Place of birth of each person and parents of each person enumerated. If born in the United States, give the state or territory. If of foreign birth, give the country.

12. Place of birth of this Person.

13. Place of birth of Father of this person.

14. Place of birth of Mother of this person.

CITIZENSHIP.

15. Year of immigration to the United States.

16. Whether naturalized or alien.

17. Whether able to speak English; or, if not, give language spoken.

OCCUPATION.

18. Trade or profession of, or particular kind of work done by this person, as spinner, salesman, laborer, etc.,

19. General nature of industry, business, or establishment in which this person works, as cotton mill, dry goods store, farm, etc.

20. Whether as employer, employee, or work on own account.

If an employee – 21. Whether out of work on April 15, 1910.

22. Number of weeks out of work during year 1909.

EDUCATION.

23. Whether able to read.

24. Whether able to write.

25. Attended school any time since September 1, 1909.

OWNERSHIP OF HOME.

26. Owned or rented.

27. Owned free or mortgaged.

28. Farm or house.

29. Number of farm schedule.

30. Whether a survivor of the Union or Confederate Army or Navy.

31. Whether blind (both eyes).

32. Whether deaf and dumb.

State rankings
Rank State Population as of
1910 census[2]		 Population as of
1900 census		 Change Percent
change
1  New York 9,113,614 7,268,894 1,844,720 Increase 25.4% Increase
2  Pennsylvania 7,665,111 6,302,115 1,362,996 Increase 21.6% Increase
3  Illinois 5,638,591 4,821,550 817,041 Increase 16.9% Increase
4  Ohio 4,767,121 4,157,545 609,576 Increase 14.7% Increase
5  Texas 3,896,542 3,048,710 847,832 Increase 27.8% Increase
6  Massachusetts 3,366,416 2,805,346 561,070 Increase 20.0% Increase
7  Missouri 3,293,335 3,106,665 186,670 Increase 6.0% Increase
8  Michigan 2,810,173 2,420,982 389,191 Increase 16.1% Increase
9  Indiana 2,700,876 2,516,462 184,414 Increase 7.3% Increase
10  Georgia 2,609,121 2,216,331 392,790 Increase 17.7% Increase
11  New Jersey 2,537,167 1,883,669 653,498 Increase 34.7% Increase
12 California 2,377,549 1,485,053 892,496 Increase 60.1% Increase
13  Wisconsin 2,333,860 2,069,042 264,818 Increase 12.8% Increase
14  Kentucky 2,289,905 2,147,174 142,731 Increase 6.6% Increase
15  Iowa 2,224,771 2,231,853 −7,082 Decrease −0.3% Decrease
16  North Carolina 2,206,287 1,893,810 312,477 Increase 16.5% Increase
17  Tennessee 2,184,789 2,020,616 164,173 Increase 8.1% Increase
18  Alabama 2,138,093 1,828,697 309,396 Increase 16.9% Increase
19  Minnesota 2,075,708 1,751,394 324,314 Increase 18.5% Increase
20  Virginia 2,061,612 1,854,184 207,428 Increase 11.2% Increase
21  Mississippi 1,797,114 1,551,270 245,844 Increase 15.8% Increase
22  Kansas 1,690,949 1,470,495 220,454 Increase 15.0% Increase
23  Oklahoma 1,657,155 790,391 866,764 Increase 109.7% Increase
24  Louisiana 1,656,388 1,381,625 274,763 Increase 19.9% Increase
25  Arkansas 1,574,449 1,311,564 262,885 Increase 20.0% Increase
26  South Carolina 1,515,400 1,340,316 175,084 Increase 13.1% Increase
27  Maryland 1,295,346 1,188,044 107,302 Increase 9.0% Increase
28  West Virginia 1,221,119 958,800 262,319 Increase 27.4% Increase
29  Nebraska 1,192,214 1,066,300 125,914 Increase 11.8% Increase
30  Washington 1,141,990 518,103 623,887 Increase 120.4% Increase
31  Connecticut 1,114,756 908,420 206,336 Increase 22.7% Increase
32  Colorado 799,024 539,700 259,324 Increase 48.0% Increase
33  Florida 752,619 528,542 224,077 Increase 42.4% Increase
34  Maine 742,371 694,466 47,905 Increase 6.9% Increase
35  Oregon 672,765 413,536 259,229 Increase 62.7% Increase
36  South Dakota 583,888 401,570 182,318 Increase 45.4% Increase
37  North Dakota 577,056 319,146 257,910 Increase 80.8% Increase
38  Rhode Island 542,610 428,556 114,054 Increase 26.6% Increase
39  New Hampshire 430,572 411,588 18,984 Increase 4.6% Increase
40  Montana 376,053 243,329 132,724 Increase 54.5% Increase
41  Utah 373,351 276,749 96,602 Increase 34.9% Increase
42  Vermont 355,956 343,641 12,315 Increase 3.6% Increase
–  District of Columbia 331,069 278,718 52,351 Increase 18.8% Increase
–  New Mexico 327,301 195,310 131,991 Increase 67.6% Increase
43  Idaho 325,594 161,772 163,822 Increase 101.3% Increase
–  Arizona 204,354 122,931 81,423 Increase 66.2% Increase
44  Delaware 202,322 184,735 17,587 Increase 9.5% Increase
–  Hawaii 191,874 154,001 37,873 Increase 24.6% Increase
45  Wyoming 145,965 92,531 53,434 Increase 57.7% Increase
46  Nevada 81,875 42,335 39,540 Increase 93.4% Increase
–  Alaska 64,356 63,592 764 Increase 1.2% Increase

City rankings
RankCityStatePopulation[3]Region (2016)[4]
01New YorkNew York4,766,883Northeast
02ChicagoIllinois2,185,283Midwest
03PhiladelphiaPennsylvania1,549,008Northeast
04St. LouisMissouri687,029Midwest
05BostonMassachusetts670,585Northeast
06ClevelandOhio560,663Midwest
07BaltimoreMaryland558,485South
08PittsburghPennsylvania533,905Northeast
09DetroitMichigan465,766Midwest
10BuffaloNew York423,715Northeast
11San FranciscoCalifornia416,912West
12MilwaukeeWisconsin373,857Midwest
13CincinnatiOhio363,591Midwest
14NewarkNew Jersey347,469Northeast
15New OrleansLouisiana339,075South
16WashingtonDistrict of Columbia331,069South
17Los AngelesCalifornia319,198West
18MinneapolisMinnesota301,408Midwest
19Jersey CityNew Jersey267,779Northeast
20Kansas CityMissouri248,381Midwest
21SeattleWashington237,194West
22IndianapolisIndiana233,650Midwest
23ProvidenceRhode Island224,326Northeast
24LouisvilleKentucky223,928South
25RochesterNew York218,149Northeast
26Saint PaulMinnesota214,744Midwest
27DenverColorado213,381West
28PortlandOregon207,214West
29ColumbusOhio181,511Midwest
30ToledoOhio168,497Midwest
31AtlantaGeorgia154,839South
32OaklandCalifornia150,174West
33WorcesterMassachusetts145,986Northeast
34SyracuseNew York137,249Northeast
35New HavenConnecticut133,605Northeast
36BirminghamAlabama132,685South
37MemphisTennessee131,105South
38ScrantonPennsylvania129,867Northeast
39RichmondVirginia127,628South
40PatersonNew Jersey125,600Northeast
41OmahaNebraska124,096Midwest
42Fall RiverMassachusetts119,295Northeast
43DaytonOhio116,577Midwest
44Grand RapidsMichigan112,571Midwest
45NashvilleTennessee110,364South
46LowellMassachusetts106,294Northeast
47CambridgeMassachusetts104,839Northeast
48SpokaneWashington104,402West
49BridgeportConnecticut102,054Northeast
50AlbanyNew York100,253Northeast
51HartfordConnecticut98,915Northeast
52TrentonNew Jersey96,815Northeast
53New BedfordMassachusetts96,652Northeast
54San AntonioTexas96,614South
55ReadingPennsylvania96,071Northeast
56CamdenNew Jersey94,538Northeast
57Salt Lake CityUtah92,777West
58DallasTexas92,104South
59LynnMassachusetts89,336Northeast
60SpringfieldMassachusetts88,926Northeast
61WilmingtonDelaware87,411South
62Des MoinesIowa86,368Midwest
63LawrenceMassachusetts85,892Northeast
64TacomaWashington83,743West
65Kansas CityKansas82,331Midwest
66YonkersNew York79,803Northeast
67YoungstownOhio79,066Midwest
68HoustonTexas78,800South
69DuluthMinnesota78,466Midwest
70St. JosephMissouri77,403Midwest
71SomervilleMassachusetts77,236Northeast
72TroyNew York76,813Northeast
73UticaNew York74,419Northeast
74ElizabethNew Jersey73,409Northeast
75Fort WorthTexas73,312South
76WaterburyConnecticut73,141Northeast
77SchenectadyNew York72,826Northeast
78HobokenNew Jersey70,324Northeast
79ManchesterNew Hampshire70,063Northeast
80EvansvilleIndiana69,647Midwest
81AkronOhio69,067Midwest
82NorfolkVirginia67,452South
83Wilkes-BarrePennsylvania67,105Northeast
84PeoriaIllinois66,950Midwest
85EriePennsylvania66,525Northeast
86SavannahGeorgia65,064South
87Oklahoma CityOklahoma64,205South
88HarrisburgPennsylvania64,186Northeast
89Fort WayneIndiana63,933Midwest
90CharlestonSouth Carolina58,833South
91PortlandMaine58,571Northeast
92East St. LouisIllinois58,547Midwest
93Terre HauteIndiana58,157Midwest
94HolyokeMassachusetts57,730Northeast
95JacksonvilleFlorida57,699South
96BrocktonMassachusetts56,878Northeast
97BayonneNew Jersey55,545Northeast
98JohnstownPennsylvania55,482Northeast
99PassaicNew Jersey54,773Northeast
100South BendIndiana53,684Midwest

First language of the foreign-born population
Rank Language White population[5]
1 English and Celtic 3,363,792
2 German 2,759,032
3 Italian 1,365,110
4 Yiddish and Hebrew 1,051,767
5 Polish 943,781
6 Swedish 683,218
7 French 528,842
8 Norwegian 402,587
9 Spanish 258,131
10 Hungarian 229,094
11 Czech 228,738
12 Danish 183,844
13 Slovak 166,474
14 Dutch 151,825
15 Lithuanian and Latvian 140,963
16 Slovene 123,631
17 Finnish 119,948
18 Greek 118,379
19 Serbo-Croatian 105,669
20 Portuguese 72,649
21 Russian 57,926
22 Romanian 42,277
23 Arabic 32,868
24 Ukrainian 25,131
25 Armenian 23,938
26 Bulgarian 18,341
27 Turkish 4,709
28 Albanian 2,312

Data availability
An example of a 1910 U.S. census form with August H. Runge

The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in the 1940s; after which the original sheets were destroyed.[6] The microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, along with digital indices.

Microdata from the 1910 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

Notes
  1. "Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790–1925". New York State Library. October 1981. p. 45 (p. 51 of PDF). Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved December 15, 2008.
  2. 1910 Census: Volume 1. Population, General Report and Analysis
  3. Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  4. "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  5. "Tech Paper 29: Table 6. Mother Tongue of the Foreign-Born Population: 1910 to 1940, 1960, and 1970". June 2, 2000. Archived from the original on June 2, 2000. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
  6. Algonquin Area Public Library District. "Census Secrets" (PDF). Retrieved May 17, 2012.
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