1931 in Australian literature

• M. Barnard Eldershaw – Green Memory
• Miles Franklin
  • Back to Bool Bool
  • Old Blastus of Bandicoot
• Ion Idriess – Lasseter's Last Ride
• Jack Lindsay – Cressida's First Lover : a tale of ancient Greece
• Alice Grant Rosman – The Sixth Journey
• E. V. Timms – Whitehall
• Arthur W. Upfield – The Sands of Windee

• J. H. M. Abbott – The King's School and Other Tales for Old Boys
• Vance Palmer – Separate Lives
• Henry Handel Richardson – Two Studies

• Mary Grant Bruce – Bill of Billabong
• Frank Dalby Davison – Man-Shy
• Lilian Turner – Two Take the Road

• Mary Gilmore – The Rue Tree : Poems
• Ronald McCuaig – "Love Me and Never Leave Me"
• John Shaw Neilson – "The Bard and the Lizard"
• Elizabeth Riddell – "Lifesaver"
• Kenneth Slessor – "Five Visions of Captain Cook"

• Ion Idriess – Lasseter's Last Ride : An Epic of Central Australian Gold Discovery

A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1931 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.

• 30 January – Shirley Hazzard, novelist (died 2016)
• 24 February – Barry Oakley, novelist and playwright
• 15 March – Laurie Hergenhan, literary scholar (died 2019)
• 28 March – Philip Martin, poet (died 2005)
• 10 November – Evan Jones, poet (died 2022)

Unknown date

• Peter Mathers, novelist (died 2004)

A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1931 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.

• 1 August – Bertha McNamara, writer and political activist (born 1853 in Poland)
• 22 August – Edward Dyson, editor, poet and short story writer (born 1865)[2]

• 1931 in Australia
• 1931 in literature
• 1931 in poetry
• List of years in Australian literature
• List of years in literature