1959 in Australian literature

• Nancy Cato – Time, Flow Softly
• Jon Cleary
  • Back of Sunset
  • Strike Me Lucky with Joy Cleary
• Eleanor Dark – Lantana Lane
• David Forrest – The Last Blue Sea
• Xavier Herbert – Seven Emus
• Dorothy Hewett – Bobbin Up : A Novel
• Barbara Jefferis – Half Angel
• Eric Lambert – Glory Thrown In
• Leonard Mann – Andrea Caslin
• D'Arcy Niland
  • The Big Smoke
  • Gold in the Streets
• Vance Palmer – The Big Fellow
• George Turner – Young Man of Talent
• Arthur Upfield
  • Bony and the Black Virgin (aka The Tom Branch)
  • Journey to the Hangman
• Morris West – The Devil's Advocate

• Ethel Anderson – Little Ghosts
• David Campbell – Flame and Shadow : Selected Stories
• A. Bertram Chandler
  • "Chance Encounter"
  • "The Man Who Couldn't Stop"
• David Forrest – "That Barambah Mob"
• Hal Porter
  • "Country Town"
  • "Fiend and Friend"
• Katharine Susannah Prichard – N'goola and Other Stories
• Judith Wright — "In the Park"

• Eleanor Spence – The Summer in Between
• Kylie Tennant – All the Proud Tribesmen
• Norman Barnett Tindale and H. A. Lindsay – Rangatira

• John Blight – "A Sailor's Grave"
• David Campbell – "We Took the Storms to Bed"
• Bruce Dawe – "The City : Midnight"
• Rosemary Dobson
  • "Captain Svenson"
  • "The Edge"
• Geoffrey Dutton – "January"
• R. D. Fitzgerald – "Quayside Meditation"
• William Hart-Smith – Poems of Discovery
• Gwen Harwood – "Prize-Giving"
• Charles Higham – The Earthbound and Other Poems
• A. D. Hope – "Agony Column"
• Lionel Lindsay – Discobolus and Other Verse
• Nan McDonald – The Lighthouse and Other Poems
• David Martin – "Gordon Childe"
• Ian Mudie – The Blue Crane
• Elizabeth Riddell
  • "After Lunik Two"
  • "Suburban Song"
• Douglas Stewart – "Leopard-Skin"
• Chris Wallace-Crabbe – The Music of Division
• Francis Webb – "Art"

• Charmian Clift – Peel Me a Lotus
• Mary Durack – Kings in Grass Castles
• Errol Flynn – My Wicked, Wicked Ways
• Ion Idriess – The Tin Scratchers
• Peter Ryan – Fear Drive My Feet

• Dale Collins – Anzac Adventure

A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1959 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.

• 10 January – Gabrielle Carey, writer (died 2023)[5]
• 28 January – Philip Hodgins, poet (died 1995)[6]
• 18 May – Sophie Masson, novelist[7]
• 27 June – Stephen Dedman, writer[8]
• 13 October – Doug MacLeod, children's writer, poet, screenwriter and playwright (died 2021)[9]
• 25 November – Merlinda Bobis, writer and academic[10]

Unknown date

• Jennifer Fallon, novelist[11]
• Andy Kissane, poet[12]
• Mike Ladd, poet[13]

A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1959 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.

• 15 July – Vance Palmer, novelist (born 1885)[14]
• 14 October – Errol Flynn, author and actor (born 1909)[15]

• 1959 in Australia
• 1959 in literature
• 1959 in poetry
• List of years in Australian literature
• List of years in literature