2000 Lithuanian parliamentary election

In 1996 Lithuanian parliamentary election the Homeland Union – Lithuanian Conservatives won 70 seats. They formed a coalition with second-place Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party. By 1998 Lithuania was hit Russian finansial crisis, which (along with the conflicts between ruling coalition, Prime Ministers Gediminas Vagnorius and Rolandas Paksas and President of Republic Valdas Adamkus) caused two replacements of government.

Economic turmoil caused decline of support of main parties (the Homeland Union and the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania). The other parties that benefited from aforementioned parties were the Liberal Union of Lithuania (especially after Paksas became its leader) and the New Union (Social Liberals). In municipal elections of 2000, these two parties combined won 30.67 per cent of the vote, while the Homeland Union and the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania together won 17.74 per cent of the votes.

As response to this situation, the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania, the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and the New Democracy Party formed electoral coalition in July 2000 with Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas as its candidate to the Prime Minister. The Homeland Union formed alliance with the Political Prisoners and Deportees Union of Lithuania.[2][3]

The 141 members of the Seimas were elected by parallel voting; 70 were elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency, with 71 elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Previously members from the single-member constituencies had been elected using the two-round system, but the electoral system was changed prior to the elections to scrap the second round and allow members to be elected by plurality.[4] These changes had been introduced by the Homeland Union and passed by the Seimas on 19 July 2000. Although President Valdas Adamkus vetoed the Act, the veto was overturned and the changes had been implemented.[5]

Only four party and coalition lists passed five per cent threshold. The Social Democratic coalition of former President Algirdas Brazauskas received the largest share of the popular vote in the nationwide constituency (31 per cent) and won the most seats in the Seimas (51 seats), but short of the 71 seats needed for the majority. New Union (Social Liberals), led by Artūras Paulauskas, came second in the nationwide constituency (19.64 per cent), winning 29 seats in the parliament. The centre-right Liberal Union, led by the Mayor of Vilnius and former Prime Minister Rolandas Paksas, became as the largest single party in the parliament, with 34 seats and 17.25 per cent of the vote in the nationwide constituency. The possible "New Politics" Coalition (consisting Liberal Union, New Union (Social Liberals), Lithuanian Centre Union and Modern Christian-Democratic Union) won 66 seats, but it too came short of absolute majority.

The Homeland Union, which had led the government for the previous four years, performed poorly in the elections, receiving only 8.62 per cent of the vote and winning eight seats, down from more than 30% of the vote and 70 seats in the previous elections. Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius and many other prominent ministers were beaten in their constituencies. In the electoral campaign dominated by economic issues, the party was punished by voters for the economic recession and high unemployment, as well as its austerity policy. The Social Democratic coalition, on the other hand, had promised the end to austerity, including lower taxes and higher social spending.[1]

Party or alliance				Proportional			Constituency			Total seats	+/–
				Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	Social-Democratic Coalition of Algirdas Brazauskas		Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania	457,294	31.08	12	156,354	10.66	14	26	+14
			Social Democratic Party of Lithuania			12	120,672	8.23	7	19	+7
			Lithuanian Russian Union			3	4,446	0.30	0	3	+3
			New Democracy Party			1	12,454	0.85	2	3	+2
	New Union (Social Liberals)[lower-alpha 2]			288,895	19.64	18	225,878	15.41	11	28	New
	Liberal Union of Lithuania[lower-alpha 2]			253,823	17.25	16	229,438	15.65	18	33	+32
	Homeland Union – Lithuanian Conservatives[lower-alpha 3]			126,850	8.62	8	104,631	7.14	1	8	–62
	Christian Democratic Union			61,583	4.19	0	33,221	2.27	1	1	0
	Lithuanian Peasants Party			60,040	4.08	0	96,853	6.61	4	4	+3
	Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party			45,227	3.07	0	69,827	4.76	2	2	–14
	Lithuanian Centre Union			42,030	2.86	0	89,837	6.13	2	2	–11
	Union of Moderate Conservatives			29,615	2.01	0	42,116	2.87	1	1	New
	Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania			28,641	1.95	0	40,376	2.75	2	2	+1
	Lithuanian People's Union "For Just Lithuania"			21,583	1.47	0	5,323	0.36	0	0	0
	Lithuanian Liberty Union			18,622	1.27	0	23,202	1.58	1	1	0
	Union of Young Lithuania, New Nationalists and Political Prisoners[lower-alpha 4]			16,941	1.15	0	16,729	1.14	1	1	0
	Lithuanian Nationalist Union		Lithuanian Nationalist Union	12,884	0.88	0	5,567	0.38	0	0	0
			Lithuanian Liberty League			0	4,685	0.32	0	0	0
	Lithuanian Party "Social Democracy – 2000"			7,219	0.49	0	32,336	2.21	0	0	New
	Modern Christian-Democratic Union[lower-alpha 2]						17,929	1.22	1	3	New
	Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners and Deportees						8,495	0.58	0	1	0
	Homeland People's Party						7,038	0.48	0	0	New
	National Democratic Party of Lithuania						5,082	0.35	0	0	New
	Lithuanian Democratic Party[lower-alpha 4]						3,323	0.23	0	0	–2
	Socialist Party of Lithuania						1,701	0.12	0	0	0
	Republican Party						1,380	0.09	0	0	0
	Lithuanian Justice Party						515	0.04	0	0	0
	Independents						106,806	7.28	3	3	–1
Total				1,471,247	100.00	70	1,466,214	100.00	71	141	0
Valid votes				1,471,247	95.55		1,466,214	95.28
Invalid/blank votes				68,496	4.45		72,585	4.72
Total votes				1,539,743	100.00		1,538,799	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				2,626,321	58.63		2,626,321	58.59
Source: University of Essex

Social Democratic coalition won most votes in most of Lithuania. Kaunas and Vilnius were narrowly won by the Liberal Union of Lithuania, while New Union (Social Liberals) got the most votes in Trakai, Širvintos, Varėna, Kėdainiai and, to lesser extent, Vilnius districts.[7] In these municipalities Liberal Union and New Union had their best performances in municipal elections of 2000.

After disastrous results leaders of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party and the Lithuanian Centre Union, Algirdas Saudargas and Romualdas Ozolas, respectively, tendered resignations from their positions. Poor results would also affect other minor parties. Homeland People's Party leader Laima Liucija Andrikienė proposed merger of all center-right parties.[8] It would happen gradually from 2001 to 2008, when the Homeland Union (which received their worst result ever in these elections) would merge with most them. Poor results also caused disintegration of the Lithuanian Centre Union, which would merge with the Liberal Union of Lithuania in 2003.

• The Central Electoral Commission of the Republic of Lithuania (in English and Lithuanian)