3rd Division (German Empire)

During wartime, the 3rd Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 3rd Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows:[8]

• 5th Infantry Brigade (5. Infanterie-Brigade)
  • 2nd Grenadier Regiment "King Friedrich Wilhelm IV" (1st Pomeranian) (Grenadier-Regiment König Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1. Pomm.) Nr. 2)
  • 42nd Infantry Regiment (5th Pomeranian) (5. Pommersches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 42)
• 6th Infantry Brigade (5. Infanterie-Brigade)
  • 14th Infantry Regiment (3rd Pomeranian) (3. Pommersches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 14)
  • 54th Infantry Regiment (7th Pomeranian) (7. Pommersches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 54)
• 2nd Jäger Battalion (Jäger Bataillon Nr. 2)
• 3rd Dragoon Regiment (Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 3)

Many regiments were renamed and assigned to different divisions during the period from 1871 to 1914. Among other changes, the 3rd and 4th Divisions swapped the Colberg Grenadiers and the 14th Infantry Regiment. In 1914, the peacetime organization of the 3rd Division was as follows:[9]

• 5th Infantry Brigade (5. Infanterie-Brigade)
  • 2nd Grenadier Regiment "King Friedrich Wilhelm IV" (1st Pomeranian) (Grenadier-Regiment König Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1. Pomm.) Nr. 2)
  • 9th Colberg Grenadier Regiment "Graf Gneisenau" (2nd Pomeranian) (Colbergsches Grenadier-Regiment Graf Gneisenau (2. Pomm.) Nr. 9)
  • 54th Infantry Regiment "von der Goltz" (7th Pomeranian) (Infanterie-Regiment von der Goltz (7. Pomm.) Nr. 54)
• 6th Infantry Brigade (5. Infanterie-Brigade)
  • 34th Fusilier Regiment "Queen Victoria of Sweden" (Pomeranian) (Füsilier-Regiment Königin Viktoria von Schweden (Pomm.) Nr. 34)
  • 42nd Infantry Regiment "Prince Moritz of Anhalt-Dessau" (5th Pomeranian) (Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Moritz von Anhalt-Dessau (5. Pomm.) Nr. 42)
• 3rd Cavalry Brigade (3. Kavallerie-Brigade)
  • 2nd Cuirassier Regiment "Queen" (Pomeranian) (Kürassier-Regiment Königin (Pomm.) Nr. 2)
  • 9th Uhlan Regiment (2nd Pomeranian) (2. Pommersches Ulanen-Regiment Nr. 9)
• 3rd Field Artillery Brigade (3. Feldartillerie-Brigade)
  • 2nd Field Artillery Regiment (1. Pommersches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 2)
  • 38th Hither Pomeranian Field Artillery Regiment (Vorpommersches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 38)

On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 3rd Division was again renamed the 3rd Infantry Division and the 54th Infantry was transferred to the 36th Reserve Division. The 3rd Infantry Division's initial wartime organization was as follows:[6]

• 5.Infanterie-Brigade:
  • Grenadier-Regiment König Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1. Pommersches) Nr. 2
  • Colbergsches-Grenadier-Regiment Graf Gneisenau (2. Pommersches) Nr. 9
• 6.Infanterie-Brigade:
  • Füsilier-Regiment Königin Viktoria von Schweden (1. Pommersches) Nr. 34
  • Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Moritz von Anhalt-Dessau (5. Pommersches) Nr. 42
• Grenadier-Regiment zu Pferde Freiherr von Derfflinger (Neumärkisches) Nr. 3
• 3.Feldartillerie-Brigade:
  • 1. Pommersches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 2
  • Vorpommersches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 38
• 1./Pommersches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 2

Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created.

The 3rd Infantry Division was heavily reorganized by 1918, losing all of its prewar infantry regiments. These were replaced by lower grade infantry and Landwehr infantry regiments. The division was also weaker in artillery and engineers than most other divisions. These changes reflected the division's primary role as occupation troops late in the war. Its order of battle on January 10, 1918, was as follows:[6]

• 6.Infanterie-Brigade:
  • Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 425
  • Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 428
  • Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 4
• 3.Eskadron/Grenadier-Regiment zu Pferde Freiherr von Derfflinger (Neumärkisches) Nr. 3
• Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 87
• Stab Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 112:
  • 1.Landwehr-Kompanie/Schlesisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 6
  • Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 3
• Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 3

Sources

• 3.Infanterie-Division at 1914-18.info
• Claus von Bredow, bearb., Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres (1905)
• Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935)
• A. Niemann, Der französische Feldzug 1870-1871 (Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Hildburghausen, 1871)
• Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939, Bd. 1 (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993)
• Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee (1914)
• Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920)

Notes