Romblon, Romblon

Romblon, officially the Municipality of Romblon, is a 3rd class municipality and capital of the province of Romblon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 40,554 people.[3]

Romblon
Municipality of Romblon
Romblon town and Romblon Bay
Romblon town and Romblon Bay
Flag of Romblon
Nickname: 
Marble Capital of the Philippines
Map of Romblon with Romblon highlighted
Map of Romblon with Romblon highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Romblon is located in Philippines
Romblon
Romblon
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 12°34′44″N 122°16′29″E
CountryPhilippines
RegionMimaropa
ProvinceRomblon
District Lone district
Founded1571 (as encomienda)
Incorporated1631 (as pueblo)
Barangays31 (see Barangays)
Government
[1]
  TypeSangguniang Bayan
  MayorGerard S. Montojo
  Vice MayorMariano "Anoy" M. Mateo
  RepresentativeEleandro Jesus F. Madrona
  Electorate26,229 voters (2022)
Area
  Total86.87 km2 (33.54 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Mount Lagting)
464 m (1,522 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
  Total40,554
  Density470/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
  Households
10,406
Economy
  Income class3rd municipal income class
  Poverty incidence
21.71
% (2018)[4]
  Revenue144.1 million (2020)
  Assets231.8 million (2020)
  Expenditure106 million (2020)
  Liabilities32.13 million (2020)
Service provider
  ElectricityRomblon Electric Cooperative (ROMELCO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
5500
PSGC
IDD:area code+63(0)42
Native languagesRomblomanon
Tagalog
Websitewww.romblon.gov.ph

The town comprises the entire Romblon Island, one of the three major islands of Romblon province aside from Sibuyan Island and Tablas Island. As the capital of the province, it is also the seat of the Provincial Government. Its natives mostly speak Romblomanon or Ini language.

Romblon is known for its local marble industry and is the second biggest producer of the mineral in the country. It also a tourist destination because of its unspoiled beaches and Spanish-era twin forts.

History

Romblon, Romblon in the early 1900s
Fuerza de San Andres, a national cultural treasure as declared by the NCCA.
Romblon church, a national cultural treasure as declared by the NCCA.

Early history

The first inhabitants of Romblon were Negritos tribes of Panay and Mindoro Mangyan tribes. The discovery of hanging coffins and artistic material in caves of the island of Banton demonstrates the existence of a rich and ancient civilization and Aboriginal culture.[5]

Spanish colonial era

The islands were first visited by Spanish conquistador Martin de Goiti in late 1569, and were thereafter organized by the Spanish into encomiendas. The encomienda of Donblon (Romblon), established on April 24, 1571, was granted to Don Gonzalo Riquel. In the first census done by Spanish navigator Miguel de Loarca in 1582, Romblon Island was shown to have 240 residents engaged in wax gathering.[6] At this time, Miguel de Loarca recorded the island's name as "Lomlon" or "Doblon".[7] In the local Visayan dialect, the word means a bird warming an egg in its nest. It was also known as Domblon before the present name was adopted.[5]

In 1631, during the term of Spanish Governor-General Juan Niño de Tabora, Romblon was established as a pueblo, making it one of the two oldest settlements in the province, the other being Banton located in the north of the province.[6] In 1635, the island of Romblon was evangelized by Spanish Recollect fathers and became a dependency of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. Their fortified church is the present cathedral of Romblon. It received its first Spanish missionaries in the 17th century. During the 17th and 18th centuries, it was often ravaged by Moros.[8] Two forts were erected by the Spanish, San Andrés and Santiago.[9]

It was organized into a Comandancia (a province or district under military control) by the Spanish in 1853.

American invasion era

In 1901, the American occupation saw the establishment of a civilian government in the town.[10] Ten new barrios were created while three existing barrios were also abolished. These include Aglomiom which was merged to Sablayan due to its small population, Embarcacion which was attached again to El Pueblo or Poblacion and the inland barrio of Cogon which was reorganized and split into five barrios of Tambac, Ilauran, Macalas, Lamao, and Agbaluto (referred collectively as TIMLA, from its initial letters) while barrio Alfonso XIII was renamed Li-o.

The 10 additional barrios were Bagacay, Agbudia, Agtongo, Embarcacion, Maria Cristina (renamed as Sawang) and the five new TIMLA barrios. These barrios aside from TIMLA were Agtongo which was created into a separate barrio in 1916 taken from Cajimos while in 1918 those engaged in maritime industry which were designated separately as distinct barrio known as Embarcacion was annexed again to barrio Poblacion or El Pueblo in 1939. Agbudia was the last barrio to be created taken from Guimpingan in 1939. Meanwhile, the two barrios Majabangbaybay and Sogod, located in Tablas island, were returned to Badajoz (now San Agustin), abolished as independent barrios and attached as sitios of barrio Guinpuc-an (Carmen) in 1901.

Japanese occupation era

Plaque commemorating the landing of American liberation forces in Sawang, Romblon during World War II

During World War II, an American force landed in the island on March 11, 1945, and liberated it from the occupying Japanese forces. By March 18, the entire province was liberated from the Japanese. A monument located near the beach in Sawang commemorates this.

Philippine independence

The island barrio of Nagoso was renamed Cobrador in 1960 and the urban barangay of Poblacion was split into four separate barangays, named simply as Barangays 1, 2, 3, and 4 in 1975.[11]

On March 25, 2018, the Sandiganbayan, a special appellate collegial court that tries graft and corruption cases, affirmed its ruling sentencing Romblon mayor Mariano Mateo, former mayor Leo Mérida and eight other former local officials to 10 years in prison. The ruling was in connection with the alleged anomalous procurement of a heavy equipment. The case, which was filed in 2010, stemmed from the municipal government's purchase of a backhoe amounting to P13.95 million in November 2005 without public bidding. At the time, Mérida was mayor and Mateo was councilor. The court said witnesses testified that the backhoe was not used for the purpose for which it was purchased.[12]

Cityhood

In the 19th Congress of the Philippines, house bills were filed by various representatives which seeks Romblon including other capital towns of provinces with no current component cities, independent component cities or highly urbanized cities to automatically convert into cities.[13][14][15]

Geography

Romblon Island
Romblon island satellite image captured by Sentinel-2 in 2016
Geography
ArchipelagoRomblon Group of Islands
Adjacent toSibuyan Sea
Administration
RegionMimaropa
ProvinceRomblon
MunicipalityRomblon
Largest settlementRomblon (pop. 38,758)
Demographics
Population38,758 (2015)
Additional information

The municipality consists primarily of Romblon Island, as well as the smaller Alad, Cobrador, and Logbon islands, to the northwest, each of which are their own barangays. The municipality proper is situated along the coast of Romblon Bay, a natural harbor and safe haven for ships passing in the area during inclement weather. The highest peak is Mount Lagting in barangay Sablayan with a height of 444 metres (1,457 ft).

Barangays

Romblon is politically subdivided into 31 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

  • Agbaluto
  • Agpanabat
  • Agbudia
  • Agnaga
  • Agnay
  • Agnipa
  • Agtongo
  • Alad (island barangay)
  • Bagacay
  • Cajimos
  • Calabogo
  • Capaclan
  • Ginablan
  • Guimpingan
  • Ilauran
  • Lamao
  • Li-o
  • Logbon (island barangay)
  • Lunas
  • Lonos
  • Macalas
  • Mapula
  • Cobrador (Naguso; island barangay)
  • Palje
  • Barangay I (Poblacion)
  • Barangay II (Poblacion)
  • Barangay III (Poblacion)
  • Barangay IV (Poblacion)
  • Sablayan
  • Sawang
  • Tambac

Climate

Climate data for Romblon, Romblon (1981–2010, extremes 1904–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.5
(95.9)
35.1
(95.2)
35.8
(96.4)
37.5
(99.5)
38.2
(100.8)
38.2
(100.8)
37.7
(99.9)
35.7
(96.3)
35.8
(96.4)
35.3
(95.5)
35.2
(95.4)
34.1
(93.4)
38.2
(100.8)
Average high °C (°F) 28.4
(83.1)
29.1
(84.4)
30.4
(86.7)
32.0
(89.6)
32.6
(90.7)
31.7
(89.1)
30.8
(87.4)
30.5
(86.9)
30.6
(87.1)
30.3
(86.5)
29.7
(85.5)
28.5
(83.3)
30.4
(86.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.2
(79.2)
26.7
(80.1)
27.6
(81.7)
29.0
(84.2)
29.4
(84.9)
28.7
(83.7)
28.1
(82.6)
28.0
(82.4)
28.0
(82.4)
27.8
(82.0)
27.5
(81.5)
26.5
(79.7)
27.8
(82.0)
Average low °C (°F) 24.0
(75.2)
24.2
(75.6)
24.9
(76.8)
26.0
(78.8)
26.3
(79.3)
25.8
(78.4)
25.4
(77.7)
25.5
(77.9)
25.3
(77.5)
25.2
(77.4)
25.2
(77.4)
24.4
(75.9)
25.2
(77.4)
Record low °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1)
17.0
(62.6)
19.7
(67.5)
20.1
(68.2)
15.6
(60.1)
20.6
(69.1)
21.1
(70.0)
21.2
(70.2)
21.0
(69.8)
20.4
(68.7)
20.3
(68.5)
18.5
(65.3)
15.6
(60.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 99.2
(3.91)
63.4
(2.50)
59.7
(2.35)
68.2
(2.69)
147.3
(5.80)
233.1
(9.18)
260.5
(10.26)
210.3
(8.28)
259.9
(10.23)
320.3
(12.61)
270.1
(10.63)
211.8
(8.34)
2,203.9
(86.77)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 13 8 8 7 10 16 18 16 17 19 18 17 167
Average relative humidity (%) 84 83 81 78 79 81 83 83 83 84 84 84 82
Source: PAGASA[16][17]

Romblon falls under Type III of the Corona climatic classification system which was devised in 1920. It is characterized by no pronounced wet and dry seasons. Generally, the wet season is from June to November and sometimes extends up to December when the southwest monsoon is predominant. The dry season is from January to May but is sometimes interrupted by erratic rainfall. The annual mean temperature is 27 °C (81 °F), with February as the coldest month with temperatures dropping to 20 °C (68 °F), and May as the warmest month with temperatures reaching up to 35 °C (95 °F). Habagat monsoon winds pass through the province from June to October while northeasterly winds or Amihan blows through the islands from December to February.

Demographics

Population census of Romblon
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 10,095    
1918 10,467+0.24%
1939 14,309+1.50%
1948 12,879−1.16%
1960 16,708+2.19%
1970 21,717+2.65%
1975 22,489+0.70%
1980 24,251+1.52%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 29,983+2.14%
1995 34,290+2.55%
2000 36,612+1.41%
2007 37,544+0.35%
2010 37,995+0.44%
2015 38,758+0.38%
2020 40,554+0.89%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[18][19][20][21]

Romblomanons are the indigenous inhabitants of Romblon. They are part of the wider Visayan ethnolinguistic group, who constitute the largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. In 2015, there were 38,758 people living in Romblon. Most Romblomanons speak Ini, one of the three languages in the province after Asi and Onhan.

Economy

Marble wares from Romblon
Marble plant workers working in a quarry.

Romblon's economy relies much on the local marble industry. Marble is the most significant mineral deposit of Romblon and is the most renowned product of the province. The province is the second biggest provincial marble producer of the country next to Bulacan. Romblon marble is of very high quality and comes in shades of white, green, pink, red and black. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau has estimated that Romblon is endowed with about 150 million metric tons of marble. At current rates of extraction, the supply may last for three more centuries. Tablas Island is also believed to have vast reserves of marble.

Marble quarrying and processing are major activities in Romblon. Among the most common marble products are categorized into the following: novelty items (gifts, ashtray, table bars), furniture (dining tables, baptismal fonts) and construction materials (tiles, balusters, marble chips). Aside from marble quarrying and processing, tourism, fishing and coconut farming are also basic livelihood sources in the island.

Transportation

By sea

The main transportation link to Romblon is through RORO vessels. Currently, there are RORO vessels from Montenegro Lines, 2GO Travel, Navios Shipping Lines and Starhorse Shipping that dock in the town weekly from the ports of Batangas and Lucena. Travel time usually takes about six to seven hours. RORO vessels also travel directly from Batangas to Odiongan, and from there, travelers can ride a jeepney to the port of San Agustin where they can catch a ferry or motorized outrigger boat to Romblon.[29]

By air

The closest airport with active airline service is Tugdan Airport in the town of Alcantara in the neighboring island of Tablas. Since December 2016, only Cebu Pacific has flights to the airport, with four flights weekly from Manila.[30][31] From Alcantara, Romblon can be reached in 3–4 hours by jeepney and an hour by motorized boats or 40 minutes by ferry from San Agustin.

Going around

The island municipality is connected through the circumferential Romblon-Cogon-Sablayan Road as well as through a network of shorter roads. Modes of transportation available throughout the island include jeepneys, tricycles, cycle rickshaws locally known as pedicabs, and motorcycle taxis locally known as habal-habal.

Tourism

The Fuente de Belen fountain in Romblon

The capital town of Romblon has a number of tourist places, which include:

  • St. Joseph's Cathedral and Belfry: One of the oldest Roman Catholic Church is located in barrio Poblacion. It was constructed for the Recollect Fathers between 1640 and 1726 by talented local artisans using coral blocks and bricks.
  • Fuente de Belen: Located across the municipal hall, Fuente de Belen is a water fountain erected in 1864 by Eduardo Asuero. It is the source of fresh water for Romblon during the Spanish colonial period. Atop the fountain is an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
  • Old Municipal Building: Built out of coral limestone during the Spanish colonial era, it housed the cuartel or headquarters of the local Guardia Civil. Retaining the old architecture of the building, the municipal hall is still used to house government offices and the municipal jail.[32]
  • Bishop's Palace or Villa del Mar: Located in barangay Lonos, it serves as the official residence of the Bishop of Romblon. It was constructed out of clay bricks by the first bishop of Romblon, Msgr. Nicolas Mondejar
  • Talipasak Beach Resort: It is located 13 kilometers from town in barangay Ginablan. Activities include swimming, snorkeling, beach combing, and island hopping.
  • Tiamban Beach: Located some 5 kilometers from the town proper, this fine white sand beach in barangay Lonos stretches to about 250 meters.
  • Forts San Andres and Santiago: Twin Spanish forts constructed out of coral blocks and bricks between 1644 and 1573, which overlook the whole town and harbor at 156 feet above sea level. These served as a bastion to protect the people against Muslim raiders and Dutch pirates.
  • Marble Beach Resort: Located in Barangay Ginablan.
  • Bonbon Beach: Located five kilometers away from town proper this shoreline in Barangay Lonos is covered with fine white sand and features a gradually sloping ocean floor free of sea grass and sharp stones.
  • Simbahan Cave: Located in barangay Cobrador, it is the largest natural cave in the islands and believed to be an ancient burial ground as manifested by pottery and ancient works of arts found inside.
  • Cobrador Beach: This beach is located in the eastern side of the islet and has fine white sand and crushed corals.
  • Romblon Harbor: It has offered shelter for sea vessels since Spanish colonial period. Lying off the bay is a sunken galleon and the wreck of a Japanese battleship.
  • Buena Suerte Resort: A nature resort with a swimming pool located in Barangay Tambac.
  • Marble quarries and factories: Romblon's marble comes in a spectrum of shades ranging from white to black with a gamut of in-between tints like mottled white, tiger white, onyx and jade.

Government

The old municipal building of Romblon, Romblon

Local government

Barangay Capaclan in the municipality hosts the Romblon Provincial Capitol Complex, where the governor, the vice governor, and the Sangguniang Panlalawigan hold office. The municipal government is seated in Barangay II.

Pursuant to Chapter II, Title II, Book III of Republic Act 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991,[33] the municipal government is composed of a mayor (alkalde), a vice mayor (bise alkalde) and members (kagawad) of the legislative branch Sangguniang Bayan alongside a secretary to the said legislature, all of which are elected to a three-year term and are eligible to run for three consecutive terms. The incumbent mayor is Gerard Montojo and the vice mayor is Mariano "Anoy" Mateo.[34]

Barangays are also headed by elected officials: Barangay Captain, Barangay Council, whose members are called Barangay Councilors. The barangays have SK federation which represents the barangay, headed by SK chairperson and whose members are called SK councilors. All officials are also elected every three years.

Elected officials

Term Mayor Vice Mayor
June 30, 2007 - June 30, 2010 Gerard Montojo y Sy (CMD), (KAMPI)[35][36][37] Melben Mesana y Montojo (CMD), (KAMPI)[36][37]
June 30, 2010 - June 30, 2013
June 30, 2013 - June 30, 2016 Mariano "Anoy" Mateo
June 30, 2016 - June 30, 2019[38] Mariano "Anoy" Mateo y Mallorca Mart Arthur "Mac-Mac" L. Silverio
June 30, 2019 - June 30, 2022[39] Gerard Montojo y Sy Mariano "Anoy" Mateo y Mallorca
June 30, 2022 - incumbent[34]

a Died in office.
b Served in acting capacity.
c Resigned.

Congress representation

Romblon, as a municipality and provincial capital, belongs to the lone district of the province of Romblon. Currently, the town is represented by Rep. Eleandro Jesus F. Madrona in the house of representatives.

References

  1. Municipality of Romblon | (DILG)
  2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. Census of Population (2020). "Mimaropa". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  4. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  5. "Romblon". Philippine Information Agency. Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  6. "History of Carmen including Historical and Cultural Background of North-eastern Barangays of the Municipality of San Agustin, Romblon." Romblon Municipal Library
  7. "Romblon: Population Expected to Double in 41 Years". Philippine Statistics Authority. Republic of the Philippines. September 3, 2002. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  8. Philippines. Census Office (1920). Census of the Philippine Islands Taken Under the Direction of the Philippine Legislature in the Year 1918. Bureau of printing. p. 238.
  9. Spanish colonial era forts:
  10. Merriam-Webster, Inc (1997). Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary. Merriam-Webster. pp. 1001. ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9.
  11. "LOUIE T. CUETO: History of MIMAROPA Provinces". February 12, 2009.
  12. "Sandiganbayan affirms Romblon mayor's conviction". The Philippine Star.
  13. Yap, Eric (June 30, 2022). "AN ACT AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTING THE CAPITAL TOWN OF PROVINCES WITH NO COMPONENT CITIES, INDEPENDENT COMPONENT CITIES OR HIGHLY URBANIZED CITIES WITHIN ITS TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION, INTO A COMPONENT CITY" (PDF). House of Representatives of the Philippines. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
  14. Palma, Wilter (August 9, 2022). "AN ACT AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTING THE CAPITAL TOWN OF PROVINCES WITH NO COMPONENT CITIES, INDEPENDENT COMPONENT CITIES, OR HIGHLY URBANIZED CITIES WITHIN ITS TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION, INTO A COMPONENT CITY" (PDF). House of Representatives of the Philippines. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
  15. Daza, Paul (August 11, 2022). "AN ACT CONVERING INTO COMPONENT CITIES THE CAPITAL TOWNS OF PROVINCES WITHOUT A CITY, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE SECTION 450 OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7610, AS AMENDED BY REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9009, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES" (PDF). House of Representatives of the Philippines. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
  16. "Romblon Climatological Normal Values". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  17. "Romblon Climatological Extremes". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  18. Census of Population (2015). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  19. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  20. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  21. "Province of Romblon". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  22. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  23. "Poverty Incidence, 2000" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  24. "Poverty Incidence, 2003" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
  25. "Poverty Incidence, 2006" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
  26. "Poverty Incidence, 2016" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
  27. "Poverty Incidence, 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
  28. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  29. "How to get to Romblon". Romblon Lifestyles. Archived from the original on February 28, 2015. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  30. "Cebu Pacific adds Masbate, Tablas to route network". Manila Bulletin. December 13, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  31. "Cebu Pacific launches Masbate, Romblon flights". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN Corporation. February 15, 2017.
  32. "National Museum News". National Museum. 2013. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  33. "An act providing for a local government code of 1991". The LawPhil Project. 8th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
  34. "2022 ELECTION RESULTS: Romblon, Romblon".
  35. "2013 Election Results: Romblon, Romblon - Comelec Live Data - Philippine National and Local Elections - Updated Real Time". election-results.rappler.com.
  36. "Open Data Philippines". Data.gov.ph. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  37. "Open Data Philippines". Data.gov.ph. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  38. "romblon - romblon - City/Municipality Results - Eleksyon2016 - Results -". GMA News Online.
  39. "Halalan 2019 Philippine Election Results". ABS-CBN News.
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