Algerine-class gunboat
The Algerine-class gunboats were a class of six 3-gun wooden gunboats (reclassified as gunvessels from 1859) built for the Royal Navy in 1857. A further pair were built in India for the Bombay Marine in 1859.
.jpg.webp) Leven rigged as a barquentine | |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Algerine-class gunboat |
| Builders | |
| Operators |
|
| Preceded by | Albacore class |
| Succeeded by | Britomart class |
| Cost | Hull £5,668, machinery £4,350 (Jaseur)[Note 1][1] |
| Built | 1856–1857 |
| In commission | 1857–1873 |
| Completed | 6 |
| Lost | 3 |
| Retired | 3 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Wooden screw gunboat (gunvessels from 1859)[1] |
| Displacement | 370 tons |
| Tons burthen | 300 88⁄94 bm |
| Length |
|
| Beam | 23 ft 0 in (7.0 m) |
| Depth of hold | 9 ft 3 in (2.8 m) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion |
|
| Sail plan |
|
| Speed | 9 kn (17 km/h)[1] |
| Armament |
|
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An enlarged version of the very numerous Albacore class, they reflected the change in use from coastal operations towards deep-water cruising, but were delivered too late to see action in the Crimean War. They were the first class of Royal Navy gunboat to incorporate a hoisting screw, which gave them improved performance under sail. The last man hung from the yardarm in the Royal Navy was a Royal Marine executed on 13 July 1860 in Leven.
Design and construction
Developed during the Crimean War as an enlarged version of W. H. Walker's Albacore class, the Algerines were an acknowledgement that gunboats designed for coastal operations would inevitably be called upon to act in a cruising role, both in shallow and in deeper water.[2] Their increased size gave them much improved accommodation, and in general they were effective vessels, leading to the construction of two identical vessels for the Bombay Marine.[2]
Armament
As built, they were armed with one 8-inch (200 mm) 68-pounder (87 cwt) muzzle-loading smoothbore gun[1][Note 2] and two 24-pounder howitzers.[1] By 1863 the three surviving vessels of the class were armed with one 110-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun and one 40-pounder Armstrong breech-loading gun.[2]
Propulsion
The class were each fitted with a 2-cylinder horizontal direct-acting single-expansion steam engine manufactured by Maudslay, Sons & Field.[Note 3][1] This engine drove a single screw, which for the first time in a gunboat was provided with a hoisting mechanism; this ensured a better performance under sail than previous classes.[2] These engines were rated at 80 nominal horsepower and produced on trials 294 indicated horsepower (219 kW). The design speed under steam was 9 knots (17 km/h).[1]
Rig
Fitted at first with a simple schooner rig (often known as a "gunboat rig" in the Royal Navy), the use of these vessels as cruisers encouraged commanding officers on far-flung stations to augment their sail area by fitting topmasts and yards, making them barquentines.[Note 4]
Operational lives
Jaseur was lost on the Bajo Nuevo Bank in the Caribbean Sea within two years of her launch,[1] having spent the whole of her short career on the North America and West Indies station, mostly in deterring the slave trade.[3] Jasper also served on the West Indies station[4] before being sold to the Chinese in 1863 to form part of Sherard Osborn's Vampire Fleet.[1] When the venture was called off, she was sold to Egypt to prevent her purchase by the Confederate Navy. Algerine spent her entire career on the China station, and was present at the capture of Canton in 1857.[5] Lee was also sent to the China station, but her career was abruptly curtailed on 25 June 1859 when she was sunk at the second battle of the Taku Forts.[6] Leven, like Lee and Algerine served on the China station, and took part in the successful first battle of the Taku Forts.[7] The last man hanged from the yardarm in the Royal Navy was a Royal Marine, executed for attempted murder on 13 July 1860 in Leven.[2] Slaney served with Algerine at the capture of Canton and with Leven at the first battle of the Taku Forts.[8]
Ships
| Name | Ship Builder | Launched | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jaseur | R & H Green, Blackwall Yard | 7 March 1857 | Wrecked on the Bajo Nuevo Bank on 26 February 1859, whilst on passage from Port Royal to Greytown, Nicaragua |
| Jasper | R & H Green, Blackwall Yard | 18 March 1857 | Sold on 2 August 1862 to the Chinese Imperial Customs, renamed Amoy, and sailed in April 1863 (to join Sherard Osborn's "Vampire Fleet"). Resold to the Egyptian Government on 30 December 1865 |
| Algerine | W & H Pitcher, Northfleet | 24 February 1857 | Sold at Hong Kong on 2 April 1872, became the mercantile Algerine. Broken up in 1894. |
| Lee | W & H Pitcher, Northfleet | 28 February 1857 | Sunk at the Battle of Taku Forts on 25 June 1859 |
| Leven | W & H Pitcher, Northfleet | 7 March 1857 | Sold at Shanghai on 21 July 1873 |
| Slaney | W & H Pitcher, Northfleet | 17 March 1857 | Wrecked in a typhoon in the Paracel Islands near Hong Kong on 9 May 1870 |
Bombay Marine versions
Having proved their worth in the Royal Navy, two copies were built of teak at Bombay for the Bombay Marine.[9]
| Name | Ship Builder[9] | Launched | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clyde | Bombay | 1859 | |
| Sir Hugh Rose | Bombay | 1860 | 1876? |
Notes
- A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £996,000 in today's money.
- In some ships a 10-inch (250 mm) muzzle-loading smoothbore gun was fitted instead of the 8-inch gun.[2]
- The cost of these marine steam engines was £4,350,[1] or adjusting for inflation, £432,500 in today's prices.
- The picture of Leven at the head of this article shows a vessel of the class rigged as a barquentine.
Citations
- Winfield (2004), p.230
- Preston (2007), p.155
- "HMS Jaseur at the Naval Database website". Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- "HMS Jasper at the Naval Database website". Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- "HMS Algerine at the Naval Database website". Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- "HMS Lee at the Naval Database website". Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- "HMS Leven at the Naval Database website". Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- "HMS Slaney at the Naval Database website". Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- Low, Charles Rathbone. History of the Indian Navy (1613–1863) (Volume 2), R. Bentley and Son (London). ISBN 978-1-85207-336-7. p. 387
References
- Preston, Antony; Major, John (2007). Send a Gunboat: The Victorian Navy and Supremacy at Sea, 1854–1904 (2nd ed.). London: Conway. ISBN 978-0-85177-923-2.
- Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6. OCLC 52620555.