Alpha nuclide

An alpha nuclide is a nuclide that consists of an integer number of alpha particles. Alpha nuclides have equal, even numbers of protons and neutrons; they are important in stellar nucleosynthesis since the energetic environment within stars is amenable to fusion of alpha particles into heavier nuclei.[1][2] Stable alpha nuclides, and stable decay products of radioactive alpha nuclides, are some of the most common metals in the universe.

Alpha nuclide is also shorthand for alpha radionuclide, referring to those radioactive isotopes that undergo alpha decay and thereby emit alpha particles.[3]

List of alpha nuclides

Alpha number	nuclide	Stable/radioactive	decay mode	half-life[4]	product(s) of decay (bold is stable)	alpha decay energy
1	⁴ ₂He	Stable
2	⁸ ₄Be	Radioactive	α	8.19(37)×10⁻¹⁷ s	⁴ ₂He	0.0918MeV
3	¹² ₆C	Stable				-7.367MeV
4	¹⁶ ₈O	Stable				-7.16MeV
5	²⁰ ₁₀Ne	Stable				-4.73MeV
6	²⁴ ₁₂Mg	Stable				-9.32MeV
7	²⁸ ₁₄Si	Stable				-9.98MeV
8	³² ₁₆S	Stable				-6.95MeV
9	³⁶ ₁₈Ar	Observationally Stable				-6.64MeV
10	⁴⁰ ₂₀Ca	Observationally Stable				-7.04MeV
11	⁴⁴ ₂₂Ti	Radioactive	EC	60.0(11) y	⁴⁴ ₂₁Sc → ⁴⁴ ₂₀Ca	-5.13MeV
12	⁴⁸ ₂₄Cr	Radioactive	β⁺	21.56(3) h	⁴⁸ ₂₃V → ⁴⁸ ₂₂Ti	-7.70MeV
13	⁵² ₂₆Fe	Radioactive	β⁺	8.275(8) h	^52m ₂₅Mn → ⁵² ₂₄Cr	-7.94MeV
14	⁵⁶ ₂₈Ni	Radioactive	β⁺	6.075(10) d	⁵⁶ ₂₇Co → ⁵⁶ ₂₆Fe	-8.00MeV
15	⁶⁰ ₃₀Zn	Radioactive	β⁺	2.38(5) min	⁶⁰ ₂₉Cu → ⁶⁰ ₂₈Ni
16	⁶⁴ ₃₂Ge	Radioactive	β⁺	63.7(25) s	⁶⁴ ₃₁Ga → ⁶⁴ ₃₀Zn
17	⁶⁸ ₃₄Se	Radioactive	β⁺	35.5(7) s	⁶⁸ ₃₃As
18	⁷² ₃₆Kr	Radioactive	β⁺	17.16(18) s	⁷² ₃₅Br
19	⁷⁶ ₃₈Sr	Radioactive	β⁺	7.89(7) s	⁷⁶ ₃₇Rb
20	⁸⁰ ₄₀Zr	Radioactive	β⁺	4.6(6) s	⁸⁰ ₃₉Y
21	⁸⁴ ₄₂Mo	Radioactive	β⁺	3.8(9) ms	⁸⁴ ₄₁Nb
22	⁸⁸ ₄₄Ru	Radioactive	β⁺	1.3(3) s	⁸⁸ ₄₃Tc
23	⁹² ₄₆Pd	Radioactive	β⁺	1.1(3) s	⁹² ₄₅Rh
24	⁹⁶ ₄₈Cd	Radioactive	β⁺	~1 s	⁹⁶ ₄₇Ag
25	¹⁰⁰ ₅₀Sn	Radioactive	β⁺	1.1(4) s	¹⁰⁰ ₄₉In
26	¹⁰⁴ ₅₂Te	Radioactive	α	<18 ns	¹⁰⁰ ₅₀Sn
27	¹⁰⁸ ₅₄Xe	Radioactive	α	58⁺¹⁰⁶ ₋₂₃ μs	¹⁰⁴ ₅₂Te

The nuclear binding energy of alpha nuclides heavier than zinc-60 (beginning with germanium-64) is too large for them be formed by fusion processes (see alpha process). As of 2018, the heaviest known alpha nuclide is xenon-108.[5]

References

Appenzeller; Harwit; Kippenhahn; Strittmatter; Trimble, eds. (1998). Astrophysics Library (3rd ed.). New York: Springer.
Carroll, Bradley W. & Ostlie, Dale A. (2007). An Introduction to Modern Stellar Astrophysics. Addison Wesley, San Francisco. ISBN 978-0-8053-0348-3.
John Avison (November 2014). The World of Physics. Nelson Thornes. pp. 397–. ISBN 978-0-17-438733-6.
Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
Auranen, K.; et al. (2018). "Superallowed α decay to doubly magic ¹⁰⁰Sn" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 121 (18): 182501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.182501. PMID 30444390.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Appenzeller-1] Appenzeller; Harwit; Kippenhahn; Strittmatter; Trimble, eds. (1998). Astrophysics Library (3rd ed.). New York: Springer.

[Ostlie-2] Carroll, Bradley W. & Ostlie, Dale A. (2007). An Introduction to Modern Stellar Astrophysics. Addison Wesley, San Francisco. ISBN 978-0-8053-0348-3.

[3] John Avison (November 2014). The World of Physics. Nelson Thornes. pp. 397–. ISBN 978-0-17-438733-6.

[NUBASE2016-4] Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.

[Xe108-5] Auranen, K.; et al. (2018). "Superallowed α decay to doubly magic ¹⁰⁰Sn" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 121 (18): 182501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.182501. PMID 30444390.