Amanita hygroscopica
Amanita hygroscopia (/æməˈnaɪtə /ha͡ɪɡɹəskˈo͡ʊpi͡ə), also known as the pink-gilled destroying angel is a deadly poisonous fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. It was first described by William Chambers Coker in 1917.[1]
| Amanita hygroscopica | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Amanitaceae |
| Genus: | Amanita |
| Species: | A. hygroscopica |
| Binomial name | |
| Amanita hygroscopica Coker | |
Amanita hygroscopica | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or flat |
 | Hymenium is free |
 | Stipe has a ring and volva |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is deadly |
Resembling several edible species, most notably Agaricus campestris, poisonings are not uncommon from A. hygroscopica. Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these mushrooms, are thermostable: they resist changes due to heat, so their toxic effects are not reduced by cooking.
Description
The cap is 25 mm wide and hemispheric. The gills are adnate, crowded, medium broad, entire, white, unchanging.
The stem is about 30 × 5 – 8 mm, narrowing upward, smooth, glabrous, white, unchanging when bruised. The ring is fixed 10 mm from the top of the stem, very short, skirt-like, grooved by the gills above, white, persistent. The bulb is ovoid, white, 20 × 15 mm. The volva is neither appressed nor widely spreading, the edge is either 3-lobed or ragged.[2]
Edibility
A. hygroscopica is a deadly poisonous fungus. The mushroom is odorless and tasteless.
Toxicity
The principal toxic constituent is α-amanitin, an elective inhibitor of RNA polymerase II and III, which causes liver and kidney failure. 15% of those poisoned will die within 10 days and those who survive are at risk of lifelong, permanent liver damage.[3]
There is no antidote for amanitin poisoning; treatment is mainly supportive (gastric lavage, activated carbon, fluid resuscitation).
References
- "Amanita hygroscopia". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
- "Amanita elliptosperma G.F. Atk., A. gwyniana Coker, A. hygroscopica Coker, A. parviformis (Murrill) Murrill, A. pseudoverna (Murrill) Murrill, A. verniformis (Murrill) Murrill". 2011-07-14. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- Benjamin DR. "Amatoxin syndrome": 198–214.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) in: Mushrooms: poisons and panaceas — a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians. New York: WH Freeman and Company. 1995.
