Antimony tribromide

Antimony tribromide (SbBr3) is a chemical compound containing antimony in its +3 oxidation state.

Antimony tribromide
Names
IUPAC name
tribromostibane
Other names
Antimony(III) bromide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.254
EC Number
  • 232-179-8
RTECS number
  • CC4400000
UNII
UN number 1549
  • InChI=1S/3BrH.Sb/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 checkY
    Key: RPJGYLSSECYURW-UHFFFAOYSA-K checkY
  • InChI=1/3BrH.Sb.3H/h3*1H;;;;/q;;;+3;;;/p-3/r3BrH.H3Sb/h3*1H;1H3/q;;;+3/p-3
    Key: BJUAQAQGPWXYGO-DAEPFFQNAU
  • InChI=1/3BrH.Sb/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
    Key: RPJGYLSSECYURW-DFZHHIFOAI
  • [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[SbH3+3]
  • Br[Sb](Br)Br
Properties
SbBr3
Molar mass 361.472 g/mol
Appearance colorless to yellow crystals
hygroscopic
Density 4.35 g/cm3
Melting point 96.6 °C (205.9 °F; 369.8 K)
Boiling point 288 °C (550 °F; 561 K)
soluble,partial hydrolysis
Solubility soluble in dilute HCl, HBr, CS2, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ammonia, alcohol
-115.0·10−6 cm3/mol
1.74
2.47 D
Structure
Orthorhombic, oP16, SpaceGroup = Pnma, No. 62 (β form)
Thermochemistry
96 J/mol K
-259 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation markGHS09: Environmental hazard
Warning
H302, H332, H411
P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, P391, P501
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
7000 mg/kg
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Production

It may be made by the reaction of antimony with elemental bromine, or by the reaction of antimony trioxide with hydrobromic acid.

Alternatively, it can be prepared by the action of bromine on a mixture of antimony sulfide and antimony trioxide at 250 °C.

Uses

It can be added to polymers such as polyethylene as a fire retardant.[2] It is also used in the production of other antimony compounds, in chemical analysis, as a mordant, and in dyeing.[3]

Chemical properties

Antimony tribromide has two crystalline forms, both having orthorhombic symmetries. When a warm carbon disulfide solution of SbBr3 is rapidly cooled, it crystallizes into the needle-like α-SbBr3, which then slowly converts to the more stable β form.[4]

Antimony tribromide hydrolyzes in water to form hydrobromic acid and antimony trioxide:

2 SbBr3 + 3 H2O → Sb2O3 + 6 HBr

References
  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. Yang, Y. P.; D. G. Brewer; J. E. S. Venart (1991). "A study of the synergistic action of antimony oxide in fire-retardant polyethylene". Fire and Materials. 15: 37–42. doi:10.1002/fam.810150107.
  3. "Antimony tribromide" http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2501
  4. Okuda, Tsutomu; Terao, Hiromitsu; Ege, Osamu; Negita, Hisao (1970). "Structural Studies of Antimony Tribromide and Its Molecular Complex with Benzene by Means of the 81Br Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 43 (8): 2398. doi:10.1246/bcsj.43.2398.
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