Bromine pentafluoride

Bromine pentafluoride, BrF5, is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine. It is a strong fluorinating agent.

Bromine pentafluoride
Structure and dimensions of the bromine pentafluoride molecule in the gas phase
Ball-and-stick model of bromine pentafluoride
Ball-and-stick model of bromine pentafluoride
Space-filling model of bromine pentafluoride
Space-filling model of bromine pentafluoride
Names
IUPAC name
Bromine pentafluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.234
EC Number
  • 232-157-8
RTECS number
  • EF9350000
UNII
UN number 1745
  • InChI=1S/BrF5/c2-1(3,4,5)6 checkY
    Key: XHVUVQAANZKEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/BrF5/c2-1(3,4,5)6
    Key: XHVUVQAANZKEKF-UHFFFAOYAC
  • FBr(F)(F)(F)F
Properties
BrF5
Molar mass 174.894 g.mol−1
Appearance Pale yellow liquid
Density 2.466 g/cm3
Melting point −61.30 °C (−78.34 °F; 211.85 K)
Boiling point 40.25 °C (104.45 °F; 313.40 K)
Reacts with water
Structure
Square pyramidal
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Powerful oxidizer, corrosive, highly toxic, reacts violently with water to release HF[1]
GHS labelling:
GHS03: OxidizingGHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H271, H300+H310+H330, H314, H372
P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P283, P284, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P307+P311, P309+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P331, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
4
0
4
W
OX
Flash point Non-flammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[1]
Safety data sheet (SDS) External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
 Bromine monochloride
Other cations
 Chlorine pentafluoride
Iodine pentafluoride
Related compounds
 Bromine monofluoride
Bromine trifluoride
Supplementary data page
Bromine pentafluoride (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

BrF5 finds use in oxygen isotope analysis. Laser ablation of solid silicates in the presence of BrF5 releases O2 for subsequent analysis.[2] It has also been tested as an oxidizer in liquid rocket propellants and is used as a fluorinating agent in the processing of uranium.

Preparation

BrF5 was first prepared in 1931 by the direct reaction of bromine and fluorine.[3] This reaction is suitable for the preparation of large quantities, and is carried out at temperatures over 150 °C (302 °F) with an excess of fluorine:

Br2 + 5 F2 → 2 BrF5

For the preparation of smaller amounts, potassium bromide is used:[3]

KBr + 3 F2 → KF + BrF5

This route yields BrF5 almost completely free of trifluorides and other impurities.[3]

Reactions

BrF5 reacts with water to form bromic acid and hydrofluoric acid:[4]

BrF5 + 3 H2O → HBrO3 + 5 HF

It is an extremely effective fluorinating agent, being able to convert most metals to their highest fluorides even at room temperature. With uranium and uranium compounds, it can be used to produce uranium hexafluoride:

5 U + 6 BrF5 → 5 UF6 + 3 Br2

Hazards

BrF5 reacts violently with water, and is severely corrosive and toxic. Its vapors are also extremely irritating to all parts of the human body, especially the skin, eyes and other mucous membranes. Like many other interhalogen compounds, it will release "smoke" containing acidic vapors if exposed to moist air, which comes from its reaction with the water in the air. Exposure to 100 ppm or more for more than one minute is lethal to most experimental animals. Chronic exposure may cause kidney damage and liver failure.[5]

Additionally, BrF5 is a strong oxidizing agent and may spontaneously ignite or explode upon contact with flammable substances such as organic materials and metal dust.[5]

References
  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0065". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. Clayton, R.; Mayeda, T. K. (1963). "The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 27 (1): 43–48. Bibcode:1963GeCoA..27...43C. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(63)90071-1.
  3. Hyde, G. A.; Boudakian, M. M. (1968). "Synthesis routes to chlorine and bromine pentafluorides". Inorganic Chemistry. 7 (12): 2648–2649. doi:10.1021/ic50070a039.
  4. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 834. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  5. Patnaik, Pradyot (2007). A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances (3rd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. p. 480. ISBN 978-0-471-71458-3.
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