Hexafluorophosphoric acid

Hexafluorophosphoric acid refers to a family of salts produced by combining phosphorus pentafluoride and hydrofluoric acid. The idealized chemical formula for hexafluorophosphoric acid is HPF6, which also is written H[PF]6.[3] Like many strong acids, hexafluorophosphoric acid is handled only in solution. It exothermically reacts with water to produce oxonium hexafluorophosphate (H3OPF6) and hydrofluoric acid. Additionally, such solutions often contain products derived from hydrolysis of the P-F bonds, including HPO
2F
2, H
2PO
2F, and H
3PO
4, and their conjugate bases.[4] Hexafluorophosphoric acid attacks glass. Upon heating, it decomposes to generate HF. Crystalline HPF
6 has been obtained as the hexahydrate, wherein PF−
6 is enclosed in truncated octahedral cages defined by the water and protons. NMR spectroscopy indicates that solutions derived from this hexahydrate contain significant amounts of HF.[4]

Hexafluorophosphoric acid[1]
Names
IUPAC name
Hexafluorophosphoric acid[2]
Other names
Hydrogen hexafluorophosphate
Hydron hexafluorophosphate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.037.263
EC Number
  • 241-006-5
  • InChI=1S/F6P/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6/q-1/p+1 ☒N
    Key: LJQLCJWAZJINEB-UHFFFAOYSA-O ☒N
  • InChI=1/F6P/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6/q-1/p+1
    Key: LJQLCJWAZJINEB-IKLDFBCSAL
  • [H+].F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F
Properties
HPF6
Molar mass 145.972 g/mol
Appearance colorless oily liquid
Melting point decomposes at 25 °C
exists only in solution
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Corrosive
GHS labelling:
GHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: Toxic
Danger
H301, H311, H314, H330
P260, P264, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P320, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Whereas a species with the formula HPF6 remains unknown, the analogous molecular hexafluoroarsenic acid (HAsF6) has been crystallized.[5]

See also

References
  1. Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 4–74. ISBN 0-8493-0594-2.
  2. IUPAC. "Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry". Retrieved 2021-04-08.
  3. Arpad Molnar; G. K. Surya Prakash; Jean Sommer (2009). Superacid Chemistry (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-471-59668-4.
  4. D. W. Davidson; S. K. Garg (May 1972). "The Hydrate of Hexafluorophosphoric Acid". Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 50 (21): 3515–3520. doi:10.1139/v72-565.
  5. Axhausen, Joachim; Lux, Karin; Kornath, Andreas (2014). "The Existence of Hexafluoroarsenic(V) Acid". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (14): 3720–3721. doi:10.1002/anie.201308023. PMID 24446235.
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