Antimony(III) sulfate

Antimony sulfate, Sb2(SO4)3, is a hygroscopic salt formed by reacting antimony or its compounds with hot sulfuric acid. It is used in doping of semiconductors and in the production of explosives and fireworks.[2]

Antimony sulfate
Names
IUPAC name
Antimony(3+) trisulfate
Other names
Antimony(III) sulfate
Antimonous sulfate
Antimony trisulfate
Diantimony trisulfate
Diantimony tris(sulphate)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.370
EC Number
  • 231-207-6
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3H2O4S.2Sb/c3*1-5(2,3)4;;/h3*(H2,1,2,3,4);;/q;;;2*+3/p-6 checkY
    Key: MVMLTMBYNXHXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H checkY
  • [SbH3+3].[SbH3+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
Properties[1]
Sb2(SO4)3
Molar mass 531.7078 g/mol
Density 3.6246 g/cm3[2]
soluble
Hazards
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[3]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[3]
Safety data sheet (SDS) MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Structure

Solid antimony sulfate contains infinite ladders of SO4 tetrahedra and SbO3 pyramids sharing corners. It is often described as a mixed oxide, Sb2O3.3SO3.[4]

Chemical properties

Antimony sulfate is sometimes called a "salt" as it can be produced from the reaction of antimony and sulfuric acid, but antimony does not form a nitrate when dissolved in nitric acid, (an oxidising acid) but produces a mixture of antimony oxides, and this contrasts with bismuth which dissolves in both acids to form salts.[5] It is deliquescent, and soluble in acids. It can be prepared by dissolving antimony, antimony trioxide, antimony trisulfide or antimony oxychloride in hot, concentrated sulfuric acid.[2][5]

2 Sb (s) + 6 H2SO4 → Sb2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6 H2O

Uses

Owing to its solubility, antimony sulfate has uses in the doping of semiconductors.[6] It is also used for coating anodes in electrolysis and in the production of explosives and fireworks.[2]

Safety

Antimony(III) sulfate causes irritation to the skin and mucous membranes.[7]

Natural occurrence

Natural analogue of the exact compound is yet unknown. However, basic hydrated Sb sulfates are known as the minerals klebelsbergite[8][9] and coquandite.[10][9]

References
  1. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. p. 4.64. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. Herbst, Karl Albert et al. (1985) Antimony and antimony compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., vol. A3, p. 70. ISBN 3-527-20103-3.
  3. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  5. Nicholas C. Norman (31 December 1997). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. pp. 193–. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3.
  6. Method of forming phase change layer, method of manufacturing a storage node using the same, and method of manufacturing phase change memory device using the same – Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Freepatentsonline.com (2007-01-02). Retrieved on 2011-12-23.
  7. Antimony(III) Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. Prochemonline.
  8. "Klebelsbergite".
  9. "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.
  10. "Coquandite".


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