Astragalus mongholicus

Astragalus mongholicus, synonyms including Astragalus propinquus and Astragalus membranaceus,[1] commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English;[2] 'Хунчир' in Mongolian; huáng qí (Chinese: 黃芪), běi qí (Chinese: 北芪) or huáng huā huáng qí (Chinese: 黃花黃耆),[3] in Mongolia, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Mongolian medicine.[4] It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.[5]

Astragalus mongholicus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Astragalus
Species:
A. mongholicus
Binomial name
Astragalus mongholicus
Bunge[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Astragalus borealimongolicus Y.Z.Zhao
  • Astragalus membranaceus var. mandshuricus Nakai, not validly publ.
  • Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K.Hsiao
  • Astragalus membranaceus f. propinquus (Schischk.) Kitag.
  • Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge, nom. cons.
  • Astragalus mongholicus var. dahuricus (Fisch. ex DC.) Podlech
  • Astragalus penduliflorus var. dahuricus (Fisch. ex DC.) X.Y.Zhu
  • Astragalus penduliflorus var. mongholicus (Bunge) X.Y.Zhu
  • Astragalus propinquus var. glaber Vydrina, no type.
  • Astragalus propinquus Schischk.
  • Astragalus purdomii N.D.Simpson
  • Phaca abbreviata Ledeb.
  • Phaca alpina var. dahurica Fisch. ex DC.
  • Phaca macrostachys Turcz.
  • Phaca membranacea Fisch. ex Link, nom. nud.
  • Tragacantha membranacea (Fisch. ex Bunge) Kuntze
  • Tragacantha mongholica (Bunge) Kuntze

Distribution

A. mongholicus is widespread in temperate Asia, being found in Kazakhstan, from Siberia to the Russian Far East, in Mongolia, and in west and north China.[1]

Herbalism

A. mongholicus is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).[6] A. mongholicus is a component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis,[7] though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness.[8]

Chemistry

Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides and triterpenoids (such as astragalosides),[9] as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin, and formononetin) and their glycosides and malonates.[10] It contains the saponin cycloastragenol.

Toxicology

While several other species of Astragalus are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, and accumulated selenium,[11] none of these constituents have been detected in Astragalus mongholicus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.[12]

Compendial status

A. mongholicus is listed (as A. propinquus) in the following official pharmacopoeia:

  • Japanese Pharmacopoeia[13]

See also

Notes and references
  1. "Astragalus mongholicus Bunge". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  2. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 368. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
  3. Joe Hing Kwok Chu. "Huang qi". Complementary and Alternative Healing University. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  4. "Astragalus membranaceus – Moench". Plants for a Future.
  5. "Astragalus propinquus Schischkin". LegumeWeb. International Legume Database & Information Service. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  6. Block, Keith I.; Mead, Mark N. (1 September 2003). "Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review". Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2 (3): 247–267. doi:10.1177/1534735403256419. PMID 15035888.
  7. Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N (2010). "Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis". Phytother Res. 24 (2): 175–81. doi:10.1002/ptr.2877. PMID 19504468. S2CID 46201817.
  8. Guo, Ruoling; Pittler, Max H.; Ernst, Edzard (December 2007). "Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 99 (6): 483–495. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4. PMID 18219828.
  9. Xu, Q.; Ma, X.; Liang, X. (2007). "Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 18 (5): 419–427. doi:10.1002/pca.997. PMID 17624885.
  10. Lin, L. Z.; He, X. G.; Lindenmaier, M.; Nolan, G.; Yang, J.; Cleary, M.; Qiu, S. X.; Cordell, G. A. (2000). "Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus". Journal of Chromatography A. 876 (1–2): 87–95. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7. PMID 10823504.
  11. Rios, J. L.; Waterman, P. G. (1997). "A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus". Phytotherapy Research. 11 (6): 411–418. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6. S2CID 84850794.
  12. "Astragalus". WebMD.
  13. Japanese Pharmacopoeia (PDF) (15th ed.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.
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