Athy

Athy (/əˈθaɪ/ ə-THY;[2] Irish: Baile Átha Í, meaning '[town of the] ford of Ae'[3]) is a market town at the meeting of the River Barrow and the Grand Canal in south-west County Kildare, Ireland, 72 kilometres southwest of Dublin. A population of 11,035 (as of the 2022 census) made it the sixth largest town in Kildare and the 45th largest in the Republic of Ireland, a growth of 82% since the 2002 census.[1]

For other uses, see Athy (disambiguation).

Athy
Baile Átha Í
Town
River Barrow, Crom-a-Boo Bridge and White's Castle
River Barrow, Crom-a-Boo Bridge and White's Castle
Athy is located in Ireland
Athy
Athy
Location in Ireland
Coordinates: 52.99197°N 6.98698°W / 52.99197; -6.98698
CountryIreland
ProvinceLeinster
CountyCounty Kildare
Elevation
71 m (233 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total11,035
Time zoneUTC0 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (IST)
Eircode
R14
Telephone area code059
Irish Grid ReferenceS680939
Websitewww.athy.ie

Name
Ptolemy's map

Athy or Baile Átha Í is named after a 2nd-century Celtic chieftain, Ae, who is said to have been killed on the river crossing, thus giving the town its name "the town of Ae's ford".[4][3]

The Letters of the Ordnance Survey (1837) note that "The town is now called by the few old people who speak Irish there and in the Queen's County [Laois], "baile átha Aoi", pronounced Blahéé", where éé stands for English 'ee' [i:] as clarified by a note written in pencil in Irish as Blá thí.[5]

History

According to Elizabethan historian William Camden, Ptolemy's map of Ireland circa 150 AD names the Rheban district along the River Barrow as Ῥαίβα.[6] Modern cartography, however, dismisses the claim by using triangulation and flocking algorithms. This method establishes that Ptolemy's Ῥαίβα was actually located at Rathcroghan, the traditional capital of the Connachta.[7]

A castle existed at Rheban from the Norman period onward.

The town at Athy developed from a 12th-century Anglo-Norman settlement to an important stronghold on the local estates of the FitzGerald earls of Kildare, who built and owned the town for centuries.

Athy Priory, a Dominican monastery, was founded in 1253.

The Confederate Wars of the 1640s were played out in many arenas throughout Ireland, and Athy—for a period of eight years—was one of the centres of war involving the Royalists, Parliamentarians and the Confederates. The town was bombarded by cannon fire many times and the Dominican Monastery, the local castles and the town's bridge (dating from 1417) all succumbed to the destructive forces of the cannonball. The current bridge, the Crom-a-Boo Bridge, was built in 1796,[8] with the foundation stone laid by the Duke of Leinster.[9]

The first town charter dates from 1515 and the town hall was constructed in the early 18th century. The completion of the Grand Canal in 1791, linking here with the River Barrow, and the arrival of the railway in 1846, illustrate the importance of the town as a commercial centre. From early on in its history Athy was a garrison town loyal to the Crown. English garrisons stayed in the barracks in Barrack Lane after the Crimean War and contributed greatly to the town's commerce. Home for centuries to English soldiers, Athy gave more volunteer soldiers to the Great War of 1914–18 than any other town of similar size in Ireland.

Centre of Hiberno-English
Duke Street

Athy has evolved as a centre for Hiberno-English, the mix of the Irish and English language traditions. A dialect starting with old Irish beginnings, evolved through Norman and English influences, dominated by a church whose first language was Latin and educated through Irish. Athy in particular was a mixing pot of languages that led to modern Hiberno-English. Positioned at the edge of the Pale, sandwiched between the Irish and English speaking partitions, Athy traded language between the landed gentry, the middle class merchants, the English working class garrison soldiers and the local peasantry. Many locals words borrow from the Irish tradition, such as "bokety", "fooster" or "sleeveen", while words like "kip", "cop-on" or even "grinds" have their origins in Old or Middle English.

This tradition of spoken word led to a lyrical approach to composition and perhaps explains the disproportionate number of writers Athy has produced. Athy becomes subject and object of creative endeavours – the traditional folk song, "Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye", is a prime example. Other songs in this tradition include "Lanigan's Ball" and "Maid of Athy".[10] Another song of note from the area is called "The Curragh Of Kildare", the first song collected by Robbie Burns.[11] Athy is also the surname of a minor character in James Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, who tells Stephen Dedalus, the protagonist, that they both have strange surnames and makes a joke about County Kildare being like a pair of breeches because it has Athy in it. Patrick Kavanagh alludes to Athy in his poem Lines Written on a Seat on the Grand Canal, Dublin: "And look! a barge comes bringing from Athy / And other far-flung towns mythologies."[12]

Birth of motor racing
1903 Gordon Bennett Trophy. Athy. Alexander Winton in the Winton Bullet 2
Main article: 1903 Gordon Bennett Cup

On 2 July 1903, the Gordon Bennett Cup race routed through Athy. It was the first international motor race to be held in Britain or Ireland. The Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland wanted the race to be hosted in the British Isles, and Ireland was suggested as the venue because racing was illegal on British public roads. After some lobbying and changes to local laws, County Kildare was chosen, partly because the straightness of the roads would be a safety benefit. As a compliment to Ireland the British team chose to race in Shamrock green which thus became known as British racing green.[13][14][15][16][17] The route consisted of several loops of a circuit that passed-through Kilcullen, The Curragh, Kildare, Monasterevin, Stradbally and Athy, followed by another loop through Castledermot, Carlow and Athy again. The 328-mile (528 km) race was won by the Belgian racer Camille Jenatzy, driving a Mercedes.[13][18]

Places of interest
Further information: Kilkea Castle
Athy Courthouse
  • Athy Courthouse: Athy's courthouse was designed by Frederick Darley and built in the 1850s; it was originally the town's corn exchange.[19]
  • O'Brien's Bar: One of the town's pubs, Frank O'Brien's Bar, is considered a tourist attraction and was voted one of the top ten Irish bars in the Sunday Tribune in 1999.[20][21] Hardware merchants Griffin Hawe now occupy the town's 6 ft. wide and 12 ft. high 18th-century cockpit.
  • Kilkea Castle: Kilkea Castle is located just 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Castledermot, near the village of Kilkea. It was a medieval stronghold of the FitzGeralds, Earls of Kildare.
  • Woodstock Castle: built in the early 13th century to protect the north end of the ford and its western approach. A stone cuboid.
Whites Castle
  • White's Castle: White's Castle was built in 1417 by Sir John Talbot, Viceroy of Ireland, to protect the bridge over the Barrow and the inhabitants of the Pale. Built into the wall on either side of the original entrance doorway are two sculptured slabs. On the right of the former doorway is the Earl of Kildare's coat of arms, signifying the earl's ownership of the castle in former days. The slab on the left bears the date 1573, and the name Richard Cossen, Sovereign of Athy.
  • The Moat of Ardscull: The Moat of Ardscull is the focal point of local legend about "little people". Assumed to have been built in the late 12th or 13th century, the first clear reference to the moat is in 1654 when the "Book of General Orders" noted a request from the inhabitants of County Kildare for the State to contribute £30 "towards the finishing of a Fort that they have built at the Moate of Ardscull".[22]
  • Athy Workhouse: St Vincent's Hospital was formerly the Athy Workhouse. The Athy Poor Law Union was formally declared on 16 January 1841 and covered an area of 252 sq mi (650 km2). The new Athy Union workhouse was erected in 1842–43 on a 6.5 acres (2.6 ha) site half a mile (800 m) north-west of Athy. Designed by the Poor Law Commissioners' architect George Wilkinson, the building was based on one of his standard plans to accommodate 600 inmates.[23]
St Michael's Roman Catholic Church
  • St Michael's Church: Originally built in the 14th century. Some of the vestry and side walls have disappeared, but there is still some of the original church remaining. A small cross lies within the church grounds and it is said that a cross or font is buried in a grave, within the ruins. There was at one time an arch that stood in front of St. Michael's but during some renovations many years ago, this was taken down.
  • Quaker Meeting House: Built in 1780 and standing on Meeting Lane. The first Quakers in Athy may have been Thomas Weston and his wife who in 1657 "received the truth" from Thomas Loe, an English preacher, who was visiting some friends in County Carlow (and who later influenced William Penn).[24] They were soon joined by the Bonnett family, the first Quaker family to settle in Carlow. A Quaker meeting was settled in Athy by 1671, the year in which Athy was included in the list of towns where the Leinster Province Meeting was held. The local Quakers met for worship once a week on Wednesdays, and every month a district meeting was held in Carlow to transact church business. Athy, as part of the Carlow district, also sent delegates to the Province's quarterly meetings.
  • The Dominican Church: The Dominicans arrived in Athy in 1253 or 1257.[25] They settled on the eastern bank of the Barrow, first in thatched huts of wood and clay, later in a stone priory and church dedicated to St Peter Martyr, one of the earliest saints of the Order. Today, it is the opposite bank of the river that is dominated by the Dominican Church. In November 2015 the Dominicans finally left Athy due to a lack of friars,[26] and the church and lands have been bought by Kildare County Council.[27] It now operates as the town's local library.
  • Shackleton Museum (formerly Athy Heritage Centre): Athy contains the only permanent exhibition on Ernest Shackleton, who was born at Kilkea House. The museum has a collection of artefacts from Athy's past as well as artefacts from Shackleton's expeditions. Among the most impressive is a scale model of the Endurance. Each year the museum arranges and hosts the Shackleton Autumn School, with speakers from around the world discoursing on different aspects of Antarctica and Shackleton's life.[28] In December 2022, the museum closed temporarily for upgrade works.[29]
  • Aontas Ógra Logo
    Aontas Ógra: The local youth club in Athy which was set up, originally, as an Irish-speaking revival in 1956. It soon developed into a youth club and was the first boy-girl youth club in Ireland. It is still well-established to this day as an independent youth club in Kildare and is located now, beside ARCH on the Ballylinan road.
  • 1798 Rebellion Memorial: This landmark is located in Emily Square and is dedicated to Athy's role in the 1798 Rebellion, as well as a memorial to local people who died during the famine years.

Population

Athy was the largest town in Kildare from the first official records in 1813 (population 3,192) until 1891 (population 4,886), and again between 1926–46 and between 1951–61. In 1837 the population was 4,494.[30] The 2022 census established the population of Athy at 11,035.[1]

Transport
Barrow railway bridge

Road

The town is located on the N78 national secondary road where it crosses the R417 regional road. In 2010 the N78 was re-aligned so that it no longer heads from Athy towards Kilcullen and Dublin via Ardscull, but now connects with the M9 motorway near Mullamast. The old Athy-Kilcullen section of the road previously known as the N78 is now the R418.

As in December 2021, the N78 Athy Southern Distributor Road (Bypass) has been awarded tender, and is about to go to construction. This should be open to traffic by the end of 2023, and will take up to 8000 vehicles a day out of the town centre.

Rail

Athy is connected to the Irish rail network via the Dublin–Waterford main line. Athy railway station opened on 4 August 1846 and closed for goods traffic on 6 September 1976.[38] There is a disused siding to the Tegral Slate factory (formerly Asbestos Cement factory). This is all that is left of the former branch to Wolfhill colliery. This side line was built by the United Kingdom government in 1918 due to wartime shortage of coal in Ireland. The concrete bridge over the River Barrow on this branch is one of the earliest concrete railway under-bridges in Ireland.

Bus

JJ Kavanagh's route 717[39] and Go-Ahead Ireland's route 130 and 130a[40] serves the town frequently. South Kildare Community Transport also operates two routes from the town serving outlying villages and rural areas.[41]

Line '897' Kilkenny – Castlecomer – Carlow – Athy connects the town with Kilkenny.[42]

Sport

Athy GAA was formed in 1887, and its playing pitches in the early days changed several times until 1905. In 1905 the club rented a field at the Dublin road from the South Kildare Agricultural Society—the present day Geraldine Park. The club had the initiative in those early days to erect a paling around the pitch and was the first club in Leinster to do so. This initiative and the club's effort were rewarded when the All-Ireland finals were played in Athy in 1906.

Athy Rugby Club was founded in 1880 and is a five-time winner of the Leinster Towns Cup.

Athy Golf Club was formed in 1906 as a nine-hole course and was extended to 18 holes in 1993. The course had a par of 71 and it extended to 6,400 yards from the medal tees. It is situated at Geraldine, a mile from town on the Kildare Road.[43]

Among the longer-standing sports clubs in the area is Athy Cricket Club, which was founded in 1872 and was one of the first cricket clubs in Kildare.[44]

Tri-Athy is a triathlon event held in Athy on the June Bank Holiday weekend.[45]

Other sports clubs serving the area include Athy Tennis Club,[46] Athy Town AFC,[47] St Michael's Boxing Club, and Athy Rowing Club.

Twinning

In 2004, the town was twinned with the French town of Grandvilliers in the Oise-Picardy département.[48] The French twinning committee is named "La Balad'Irlandaise",[49] and official visits take place every two years, while musical and student exchanges take place more regularly.

Notable people
Sir Ernest Shackleton

See also

Further reading
  • A Short History of Athy (1999) by Frank Taaffe, published by Athy Heritage Company Limited

References
  1. "Census 2022 - F1015 Population". Central Statistics Office Census 2022 Reports. Central Statistics Office Ireland. August 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  2. Athy. (2001). In Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary . Retrieved 17 February 2007. The dictionary does not use IPA notation, but the pronunciation given, \ə-ˈthī\, is apparently equivalent to IPA /əˈθaɪ/.
  3. Field, John (1980). Place-names of Great Britain and Ireland. Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles. p. 26. ISBN 0389201545. OCLC 6964610.
  4. "White's Castle, Athy. co.Kildare 1417". Curious Ireland. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  5. Letters of the Ordnance Survey, 1837, vol, II, 13 (26 November).
  6. Mercier, Richard Edward; Moore, Thomas (1793). Anthologia Hibernica: Or, Monthly Collections of Science, Belles-lettres, and History, for September 1793 - Volume 2. Dublin: R. E. Mercier. p. 161.
  7. Proceedings of the 28th International Cartographic Conference, July 2-7, 2017, Washington, DC, USA (unofficial). 2017.
  8. Taaffe, Frank (23 May 1996). "Athy Eye on the Past: The Bridge of Athy". Athyeyeonthepast.blogspot.ie. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  9. "RESTORATION OF MARKINGS ON ATHY BRIDGE TO BE INVESTIGATED". Kildare Nationalist. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  10. Christy Moore, Paddys on the Road. Mercury Records 1969, produced by Dominic Behan
  11. History Ireland http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/nicknames-a-directory-of-occupations-geographies-prejudices-and-habits/ Archived 6 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  12. "Patrick Kavanagh, Lines Written on a Seat on the Grand Canal, Dublin". Tcd.ie. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  13. "Leinster Leader April 1903 - Review of the coming Gordon Bennett Race". www.kildare.ie. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
  14. "champanelle.net Gordon-Bennett cup Saint Genes Champanelle 63122 France". cghc.free.fr. Archived from the original on 5 March 2007.
  15. "8W - When? - 1903 Gordon Bennett Trophy". forix.autosport.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
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  17. "Leinster Leader April 1903 – Review of the coming Gordon Bennett Race". Kildare.ie. 11 April 1903. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
  18. Scott, Duncan. "The Birth Of British Motor Racing". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
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  20. Sunday Tribune 3 October 1999
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  24. "Thomas Loe (British minister)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  25. "Dominicans Ireland – Athy". Dominicans.ie. 17 March 1965. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014.
  26. "Dominicans bid sad farewell to Athy foundation". Catholic Ireland. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  27. "Press Release - Athy Multipurpose Community Facility". Kildare County Council. 1 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016.
  28. "Athy Heritage Centre-Museum". Athyheritagecentre-museum.ie. 17 April 2014. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 1 July 2007.
  29. "Museum closed due to preliminary redevelopment works". Shackleton Museum Athy. 9 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  30. "Athy - Towns & Villages - Lewis's Topographical Dictionary 1837 - History & Heritage - Kildare". kildare.ie. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
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  34. Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. (eds.). Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  35. Mokyr, Joel; O Grada, Cormac (November 1984). "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850". The Economic History Review. 37 (4): 473–488. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x. hdl:10197/1406. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012.
  36. "Census 2011 – Population Classified by Area" (PDF). Census 2011. Table 6 Population of each province, county, city, urban area, rural area and electoral division, 2006 and 2011: CSO. 2011. p. 62. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  37. "Sapmap Area - Settlements - Athy". Census 2016. CSO. 2016. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  38. "Athy station" (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
  39. "JJ Kavanagh Route 717 timetable". jjkavanagh.ie. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  40. "130 - Athy – Kilcullen – Naas - Dublin". www.goaheadireland.ie. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  41. "Athy Newbridge Timetable June 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  42. "Route 897 Kilkenny to Athy" (PDF). Transport for Ireland.
  43. "Welcome to Athy Golf Club". Athygolfclub.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
  44. "Cricket Clubs that are no more". www.cricketleinster.ie. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  45. "HOME". TriAthy 2020 - The XIV Edition. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  46. "athy tennis court sport kildare". Athy Tennis Club. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  47. "Athy Town AFC". Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  48. "Twin Towns love story: Kildare woman marries French man she met through Athy-Grandvilliers link". Leinster Leader. 14 August 2020. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  49. "Comité de Jumelage La Balad'Irlandaise". grandvilliers.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  50. "John Vincent Holland V.C." Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  51. "Sir Ernest Shackleton". Athy Heritage Centre-Museum. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
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