Authenticity and Development Front
The Authenticity and Development Front (Arabic: جبهة الأصالة والتنمية; Jabhat al-'asalah wa'l-tanmiyah) is an alliance of rebel groups that is active during the Syrian Civil War. The alliance is considered to be moderate by Charles Lister (from Middle East Institute)[10] and the BBC.[11]
| Authenticity and Development Front جبهة الأصالة والتنمية[1] Jabhat al-'asalah wa'l-tanmiyah | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leaders | Khalid al-Hamad [1] |
| Dates of operation | November 2012 – present[2] |
| Group(s) | Unification Army[3] Lions of the East Army (Former)[4] The White Shroud |
| Active regions | |
| Ideology | Islamism[6] |
| Part of | Mujahideen Shura Council (2014–2015)  Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army
|
| Allies |  Turkey Tahrir al-Sham Jaysh al-Islam Ahrar al-Sham Saraya Ahl al-Sham |
| Opponents |  Syrian Arab Armed Forces Iran Russia Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[7] Hezbollah PFLP-GC Syrian Democratic Forces |
| Battles and wars | Syrian Civil War |
Background
The coalition includes Islamists, military defectors, and former civilians.[6][12][13] Although the alliance uses Syrian independence flags and symbols, it does not identify itself as part of the Free Syrian Army.[14] One of the groups involved was the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, which was also part of the Army of Mujahideen,[6] though the Army of Mujahideen announced on 4 May 2014 that the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement had withdrawn from the coalition.[15] The Authenticity and Development Front operated American-made BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles captured from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[16]
Member Groups
Current
- The White Shroud
- Army of Tawhid[17]
- Tajamuu Alwiyat al-Iman Billah
- Liwa Hamah al-Aqidah
- Tajamuu Jund al-Badr Brigade 313
- Lions of Islam Brigade
- Talbisah Brigade
- Falcons of Talbisah Brigade
- Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan Brigade
- Sword of Islam Battalion
- Tajamuu Alwiyat wa Kataib Suyuf al-Haq
- Battalions of the People of Impact[18]
- Abd Al-Rahman Battalions[19]
- Miqdad Bin al-Aswad Battalion[20]
- Division 60
- Jund al-Sham[21]
Former Groups
- Lions of the East Army
- Liwa Basha’ir al-Nasr[22]
- Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement
- Liwa al-Fatah al-Mubin (Formerly part of the Allahu Akbar Battalions)[23]
- Ibn Taymiyyah Mujahideen Brigades (Joined Ahrar al-Sham)[24]
- New Syrian Army (Expelled from Authenticity and Development Front, continued operations as independent group)
- Allahu Akbar Battalions[25]
References
- "The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria". Combating Terrorism Center. 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- Sinjab, Lina (17 October 2013). "Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition". BBC. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- "Northern Homs based rebel group joins Authenticity and Development Front". Archived from the original on 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
- "The Authenticity and Development front cuts all of its ties with the New Syrian Army. | en.deirezzor24.net". Archived from the original on 2018-09-02. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
- "Analysis: Insurgents launch major offensive against Assad regime in Hama province - FDD's Long War Journal". FDD's Long War Journal. 24 March 2017.
- "The Mujahedeen Army of Aleppo". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- "ثوار القلمون يطردون تنظيم "الدولة" من مناطق جديدة". الدرر الشامية. 15 March 2015.
- https://malcolmxtreme.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/soldiers-killed-by-rebels-in-jobar-9-29-2014.jpg
- "جبهة الأصالة والتنمية كتائب أهل الأثر جانب من مشاركتنا في عملية #غصن_الزيتون عفرين". YouTube.
- Charles Lister, Yes, there are 70,000 moderate opposition fighters in Syria. Here’s what we know about them Archived 2016-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, The Spectator, 27 November 2015
- Guide to the Syrian rebels, BBC, 13 December 2013
- "The Levant Front: Can Aleppo's Rebels Unite?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 26 December 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- "The Fighting in Abu Kamal (Albukamal): Background and Analysis". Brown Moses Blog. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- "The Factions of Abu Kamal". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- "Jeish al-Mujahideen Charter – Comment and Translation". Goha's Nail. 4 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- "THE MODERATE REBELS: A GROWING LIST OF VETTED GROUPS FIELDING BGM-71 TOW ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILES". Hasan Mustafas. 5 August 2015.
- https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CEfJeg8XIAAM6BN.png
- جبهة الأصالةوالتنمية [@alasalawatanmya] (27 February 2018). "#جبهة_الأصالة_والتنمية #كتائب_أهل_الأثر t.co/mYc9xbXZYp" (Tweet) (in Arabic). Retrieved 31 December 2020 – via Twitter.
- جبهة الأصالةوالتنمية [@alasalawatanmya] (26 April 2017). "#جبهة_الأصالة_والتنمية #كتائب_عباد_الرحمن t.co/yXLeej74mL" (Tweet) (in Arabic). Retrieved 31 December 2020 – via Twitter.
- https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C9xpv0jWsAAWzT4?format=jpg&name=small
- https://017qndpynh-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/FSA-friendly.jpg Archived 2019-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
- "Mesopotamische Gesellschaft « the White Shroud: A Syrian Resistance Movement to the Islamic State / By Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi".
- "Key Updates on Albukamal (Abu Kamal)".
- "Syrian Civil War factions".
- "The Factions of Abu Kamal".
External links
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