Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)

Starting on 2 December 2022, a series of intensified clashes broke out of the frontlines of the 'Idlib de-escalation zone' situated in the governorates of Idlib, Aleppo, Hama and Latakia. The clashes began in the form of inghimasi, infiltration and sniper attacks by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and allied militant groups on pro-government Syrian Arab Army (SAA) positions.[17][18] These attacks were called We Will Not Reconcile by HTS.[19]

Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)
Part of Syrian civil war
Date2 December 2022 – present
(10 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
Location
Northwestern Syria
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

Al-Fateh al-Mubin Operations Room

Ansar al Tawhid
So Be SteadFast Operations Room

Syria Syrian Arab Republic

 Hezbollah
Liwa Fatemiyoun
 Russia
Commanders and leaders
Abu Mohammad al-Julani
(Hayat Tahrir al-Sham leader)		 Syria Bashar al-Assad
(President of Syria)
Russia Col. Oleg Viktorovich Pechevisty  †
(Commander-in-chief of the Russian special forces in Syria)[3][4]
Casualties and losses
114 killed[lower-alpha 1]
18 killed[7][2]
6 killed[lower-alpha 2]
1 killed[2]
1 killed[9]		 Syria 386 killed[lower-alpha 3]
Hezbollah 4 killed[10][2]
1 killed[2]
Russia 1 killed[2]
111 civilians killed[lower-alpha 4]

According to the Syrian Observatory on Human Rights (SOHR), the attacks by HTS were an effort to hamper potential peace talks between Turkey and Syria. HTS was launching a campaign of attacks as a way of rejecting any deal made on the 'de-escalation zone' in Idlib.[20]

Timeline of clashes

December

On 2 December, a government soldier was shot dead during what the SOHR described as a HTS sniping attack in the western Aleppo countryside.[17] On 3 December, an SAA lieutenant was shot dead in by a HTS sniper in the southern Idlib countryside.[17] Between 6–7 December, two government soldiers and an HTS fighter were killed in clashes on the Idlib frontline, following a Syrian Army infiltration attack on a HTS position in the Al-Ghab Plain, according to SOHR.[21][22]

On 11 December, clashes broke out after Syrian Army forces advanced on the village of Urum al-Sughra in the western Aleppo countryside.[17] While at least two government soldiers were killed in an Inghimasi attack by HTS fighters on a Syrian Army position on the outskirts of the village of Dadikh on the Idlib frontline. The position was destroyed by HTS fighters after the attack.[23] HTS attacked government military positions at Al-Bayda village in the Turkmen mountains on the Latakia/Idlib frontline, killing three government soldiers.[24]

On 14 December, a government soldier was shot dead by HTS snipers on the Saraqib frontline.[17] On 17 December, heavy clashes took place on the western Aleppo and Latakia frontlines, including heavy artillery bombardments and heavy machine gun fire. The clashes left one government soldier dead.

On 18 December, at least three soldiers were killed in a HTS infiltration on government positions near the village of Arbikh near Taftanaz, north of Saraqib on the Idlib frontline. HTS released footage of the attack the same day.[25][26][27] HTS also launched an infiltration operation on a government military position in the town of Qubtan Al-Jabal in the western Aleppo countryside, killing at least three government soldiers and then blowing up the building government forces had been occupying. Footage of the attack was released by HTS.[25][28]

On 20 December, an SAA lieutenant was killed after government forces attempted to infiltrate HTS positions on the Bastaron frontline in the western countryside of Aleppo. A government soldier was furthermore killed on the Al-Ghab frontline in the northwestern Hama governorate.[17]

On 22 December, heavy clashes were reported on the Al-Fatirah, Maarat Moukhs, Al-Fatera frontlines in the southern Idlib countryside. Seven government soldiers and three HTS fighters were killed in the clashes.[29][17]

On 23 December, two government soldiers were shot dead by HTS thermal snipers on the Saraqib frontline.[30]

On 24 December, forces of HTS and Ahrar al-Sham launched a sniping operation on the Maarat Muzhas frontline, south of Idlib. Two government soldiers were killed in the operation.[31]

Between 25 and 29 December three government soldiers and a civilian were killed in clashes on the frontline.[32]

On 30 December, HTS targeted a Hezbollah vehicle with an ATGM, killing two soldiers and a Hezbollah commander.[10]

January

Between 10 and 11 January, 12 government soldiers and three HTS fighters were killed in three separate HTS inghimasi attack on SAA positions on the Bastrun frontline in the western Aleppo countryside, and Jabal Zawiya in the southern Idlib countryside.[33]

On 14 January, HTS launched an inghimasi attack on SAA positions on the Nahshaba frontline in the Latakia countryside. Four government soldiers were killed and 2 others were injured in the attack. On the same day, a HTS fighter was killed after SAA forces launched an infiltration attempt on HTS positions on the Al-Nayrab frontline, west of Aleppo.[34]

On 16 January, an SAA lieutenant was shot dead by a sniper of the opposition Coastal Division on the northern Latakia frontline.[35] On the same day, a jihadist and French citizen by the name of 'Abu Hamza' was killed in an infiltration attack by Syrian forces on HTS position on the Jabal Zawiya frontline.[36]

On 16 January, fighters of the al-Qaeda-affiliated Ansar al-Tawhid launched a suicide attack on SAA positions on the Maarat Muzhas frontline, south of Idlib. Two Ansar al-Tawhid fighters were killed in the attack. On the same day, a civilian was killed by government rocket fire on the Al-Bara frontline.[7]

On 17 January, a government soldier was shot dead by a HTS sniper on the Saraqib frontline east of Idlib.[37]

On 18 January, HTS launched an attack on government positions on the Urum al-Kubra frontline in the western countryside of Aleppo, leading to violent clashes between both sides. At least five government soldiers and three HTS fighters were killed in the clashes.[38] Meanwhile in the northwestern Hama region, a member of the Tiger Forces was killed by an HTS sniper.[39]

On 22 January, a civilian and a government soldier were killed in clashes on the frontline in the western Aleppo countryside.[40]

On 23 January, a government soldier was shot dead by a HTS sniper on the frontline near Nayrab, east of Idlib city. On the same day, two HTS fighters were killed and 4 others were wounded after SAA forces shelled HTS positions with heavy artillery on the Kafr Nouran frontline in the western Aleppo countryside.[41]

On 24 January, Ahrar al-Sham fighters launched an attack on SAA forces on the Al-Tufahiyah frontline in the Latakia countryside. At least three government soldiers were killed in the attack.[42] Also, a HTS fighter died of wounds sustained in clashes with government forces on the Sheikh Suleiman frontline in the Aleppo countryside.[43]

On 26 January, two government soldiers were shot dead during a HTS sniping operation on the Dadikh frontline east of Idlib.[44]

On 28 January, a government soldier was shot dead by a HTS sniper on the Maarat Mokhas frontline in the southern Idlib countryside.[45]

On 30 January, two HTS fighters and two government soldiers were killed in exchanges of artillery fire on the western Aleppo frontline.[46]

February

On 1 February, eight government soldiers including a major were killed, after HTS rockets hit one of the military headquarters of the government forces near the town of Kafr Rumah.[47] Three government soldiers were killed later in the day by HTS sniper attacks, near the town of Kafr Nabl.[48]

On 2 February, Turkish defence minister, Hulusi Akar announced the defence ministries of Turkey, Syrian and Russia will hold a meeting in Moscow in the next few days to try and agree to a rapprochement and normalisation of relations between Syria and Turkey.[49]

On 3 February, a government soldier was shot dead by a HTS sniper on the Saraqib frontiline.[50] In the northern Latakia countryside, seven government soldiers and six HTS fighters were killed during an HTS attack on government positions.[51]

On 5 February, one HTS fighter and one government soldier were killed in exchanges of rocket and artillery fire on the Idlib frontline.[52]

Clashes reduced in the aftermath of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.

On 9 February, two government soldiers were killed in a HTS sniping campaign on the Kabani frontline in the Latakia countryside.[53]

On 18 February, a government soldiers was killed in clashes on the western Aleppo countryside.[54]

On 22 February, two government soldiers were killed in a HTS sniping campaign on the Afs frontline in the southern Idlib countryside.[55]

On 25 February, a HTS fighter was killed and another was wounded after government army forces fired a missile at a HTS vehicle in Fuleyfel village in the southern Idlib countryside.[56]

On 28 February, a soldier was killed by in a HTS attack on government positions on the Latakia frontline.[57]

March

Between 1 and 2 March, two government soldiers and a fighter of Ahrar al-Sham were killed in clashes on the Al-Ghab Plain and Jabal al Turkmen areas of the frontline.[58][59]

Between 4 and 5 March, three government soldiers were killed by a HTS sniper attacks on the Saraqib frontline and Atarib frontline, in the Idlib countryside.[60][61]

Between 11 and 12 March, two government soldiers and a fighter of HTS were killed in clashes in Western Aleppo countryside.[62][63]

In the evening on 16 March, HTS forces launched an inghimasi attack on government positions on the frontline near al-Fatatira village in the Southern Idlib countryside. At least five government soldiers were killed and another 6 were injured. This was the first HTS inghimasi attack since the recent earthquake.[64]

On 17 March, two government soldiers were killed in a HTS infiltration operation on the Nahshaba frontline, in the Latakia countryside.[65]

On 23 March, at least five HTS militants and five government soldiers were killed and several others were severely wounded after HTS forces launched infiltration attempt on Syrian Army positions on the western Aleppo countryside.[66]

On 25 March, at least two government soldiers and an HTS militant were killed in a HTS infiltration attempt on Al-Ruwaiha frontline in southern Idlib countryside.[67]

On 31 March, four government soldiers and an HTS fighter were killed during clashes in the southern Idlib countryside.[68]

April

On 1 April, five government soldiers were killed during clashes near the 46th regiment in the western Aleppo countryside. A fighter of the al-Sham legion was also killed in and a government soldier were also killed in artillery bombardments elsewhere.[69][70]

On 4 April, three government soldiers were killed and 4 others were injured in an infiltration attempt by HTS militants on the Jabal al-Zawiyah frontline in the southern Idlib countryside.[71]

On 11 April, three government soldiers were killed and 9 others were wounded after HTS forces fired an AGTM at a Syrian Army truck on the frontline in the western countryside of Aleppo.[72]

On 14 April, three government soldiers were killed during clashes in Western Hama and Aleppo countrysides.[73] On the same day, a Syrian army tank was destroyed by an AGTM fired by opposition forces on the Kafr Nabl frontline, south of Idlib.[74]

Between 19 and 20 April, seven government soldiers and a HTS militant were killed in clashes and infiltration attempts on the Idlib frontline.[75][76]

May

Between 1 and 6 May, five government soldiers were killed and another 6 were injured in HTS attacks on the Idlib frontline.[77]

On 26 May, commander-in-chief of the Russian special forces in Syria, colonel Oleg Viktorovich Pitchvesti was killed by HTS artillery strikes on a government military post on the Al-Jeb Al-Ahmar frontline in the Latakia countryside.[3][4] Later in the day, Russian forces conducted their first airstrikes in Idlib Province since December, targeting HTS positions in the southern Idlib countryside.[78]

Between 28 and 30, three government soldiers, including an Al-Baggara tribesman of the Baqir Brigade, were killed in clashes in the Idlib 'De-escalation' zone.[79]

June

In early June, clashes reduced in intensity. Between 30 May and 8 June, only two government soldiers and a member of Suqour al-Sham had reportedly been killed in the clashes.[80]

On 10 June, two government soldiers and a HTS special forces militant were killed in clashes on the Saraqib, al-Fatterah and Maaret Elnaasan frontlines Idlib countryside.[81][82]

On 12 June, two HTS militants were killed by government army bombardments on the Kafr Nouran frontline, west of Aleppo city.[83]

On 16 June, two HTS militants were killed whilst planting landmines on the Al-Bara frontline in the Idlib countryside.[84]

On 21 June, three civilians were killed in the town of Kafr Nouran by SAA artillery shelling, and one civilian was killed in the town of Ain Al-Hamam by HTS shelling.[85][86]

On 22 June, three civilians were killed in the government-held town of Tell Salhab by an unidentified drone attack. Additionally, in the town of Sarmin, two civilians were killed due to SAA shelling.[87][88]

On 23 June, a government soldier was shot dead by a HTS sniper on the Kafr Nabl frontline. Later in the day, a civilian was killed in Qardaha, the hometown of the ruling Al-Assad family. The incident occurred when two rockets were fired from an unidentified drone.[89][90]

On 24 June, two civilians were killed by Russian airstrikes near the village of Basbat, west of Jisr ash-Shughur.[91] While a civilians was killed by an HTS drone attack in the town of Deir Shamil.[9]

On 25 June, the Russian Air Force conducted the most intense air strikes in the Idlib province since the onset of the clashes. During these airstrikes six civilians and three HTS fighters were killed and 30 others were injured when a Russian aircraft bombed a vegetable market in the outskirts of Jisr ash-Shughur. Additionally, in the outskirts of Idlib, three civilians and a Turkistan Islamic Party fighter were killed in the airstrikes.[9]

On 27 June, eight HTS fighters were killed by Russian airstrikes which targeted their headquarters in the Zawiya Mountain region, south of Idlib.[92]

July

On 4 July, four civilians were killed in the town of Urum al-Kubra by HTS shelling.[8]

Clashes continued throughout July, resulting in several death and injuries.

August

August 2023 was highlighted by an increase of Russian airstrikes on opposition targets and the first ground offensive on the Idlib frontline since March 2020.

On 5 August, three civilians of the same family were killed in a Russian airstrike in the countryside west of Idlib.[93]

On 6 August, nine government soldiers were killed in an opposition infiltration operation on the Nabi Younis frontline in Latakia.[94]

On 8 August, six government soldiers were killed in bombardments and sniping attacks on the Idlib and Latakia frontlines.[95]

On 9–10 August, two government soldiers and two civilians were killed in clashes on the Idlib frontline.[96]

On 21 August, at least 13 HTS militants were killed in a series of six Russian airstrikes on a house in Kurin in the southwestern outskirts of Idlib city.[97]

On 22 August, at least three HTS fighters were killed and many other were injured after Russian warplanes bombed a HTS monitoring headquarters near Maarrat Misrin in the Idlib countryside.[98] One militant later died of injuries, bringing the death toll to 4.[99] Later in the day, two civilians were also killed by a Russian airstrike on an abandoned water station near the village of Ein Shib, in the Idlib countryside.[100]

On 24 August, seven HTS fighters were killed and four others were injured by SAA artillery fire on the Kafr Taal frontline in the western Aleppo countryside.[101]

Analysis of the military situation on the Milaja frontline in Syria on 26 August 2023

On 26 August, fighters from Ansar al Tawhid launched a large scale attack on Syrian Army forces in the village of Milaja in the southern Idlib countryside. The attack began with the detonation of a tunnel bomb and then a ground attack on the frontline. After violent clashes, Ansar al-Tawhid captured the village from SAA forces, killing 11 SAA soldiers and wounding over 20 others. The jihadists partially withdrew from the village amid Russian airstrikes on opposition supply lines. At least two jihadis were killed. This was the first time the Idlib frontline had changed since March 2020.[102][103] Concurrently, HTS forces also reportedly launched an attack in the direction of Hazarin, east of Milaja.[104]

On 27 August, violent clashes continued in Milaja as SAA forces attempted to recapture lost military posts still occupied by Ansar al-Tawhid.[105] Two SAA soldiers were killed in counter-attacks by government forces in Milaja.[106] Later in the evening, Syrian Army forces again attacked Milaja village, killing five Ansar al-Tawhid fighters in an attempt to capture lost positions.[107] Six SAA soldiers were killed in overnight clashes.[108]

On 29 August, five government soldiers were killed and four others were wounded during an SAA infiltration attempt on the Nahshabah frontline in the Latakia countryside.[109]

On 30 August, Russian warplanes launched airstrikes on opposition positions on the Milaja frontline amid heavy SAA artillery bombardment at the same time. One SAA soldier was also killed in a sniping attack on this frontline.[110][111]

On 31 August, two government soldiers were killed and another was injured by HTS artillery fire on the Milaja frontline.[112]

During the month of August 2023, 113 people were killed in clashes in northwestern Syria including 69 government soldiers, 30 fighters of Al-Fatah al-Mubin and 14 civilians, making the month the deadliest since the 'Putin-Erdogan' ceasefire was declared.

September

On 1 September, 16 government soldiers and three HTS militants were killed in a HTS infiltration attack on SAA positions on the Saraf frontline in Latakia.[113][114] On the same day, three government soldiers were killed whilst attacking opposition positions in Milaja.[115]

On 2 September, five government soldiers were killed by an HTS attack on the Kafr Taal frontline western of Aleppo.[116] Meanwhile two government soldiers were killed in clashes in Mijala village in the southern Idlib countryside.[117]

On 3 September, close to midnight, SAA forces launched an infiltration attack towards Ansar al-Tawhid positions on the Mijala frontline. One SAA soldier and one Ansar al-Tawhid militant were killed in the clashes.[118]

On 4 September, two government soldiers were blown up and killed by a HTS guided missile on the Tel Al-Malek frontline in the western Aleppo countryside.[119]

Between 5 and 6 September, four SAA soldiers were killed in an ambush by Ansar al-Tawhid militants on the Milaja frontline, following earlier clashes in the day that killed four SAA soldiers and the destruction of an SAA tank by HTS militants on the nearby Hizareen frontline.[120] Following these clashes, on 6 September, five Ansar al-Tawhid militants were killed by Russian airstrikes on Fatterah.[121]

On 12 September, Ansar al-Tawhid militants destroyed a Syrian Army BMP on the Milaja frontline, killing two Syrian soldiers.[122]

On 15 September, nine Syrian soldiers were killed in a series of HTS attacks on the Latakia frontline.[123]

On 23 September, HTS forces destroyed a SAA tank with a guided missile in the town of Hizareen after violent shelling took place across the Idlib frontline.[124]On the same day, 2 civilians were killed and another 2 were wounded by Syrian Army artillery fire on the Al-Iskan area near Sarmin.[125]

On 24 September, one SAA soldier was killed and another was injured during an attack on the Milaja frontline by Ansar al-Tawhid militants.[126]

On 25 September, a civilian was killed by HTS shelling in the town of Shathah in the Hama countryside and a SAA soldier was also killed by a rebel sniper on the Milaja frontline.[127]

On 30 September, two SAA soldiers were killed by HTS snipers on the Milaja frontline, in southern Idlib countryside.[128]

October

On 1 October, an SAA soldier was killed on the Milaja frontline during artillery duels.[129]

On 3 October, two SAA soldiers were killed on the Milaja frontline by HTS snipers.[130]

On 5 October, a drone attack targeted a military graduation ceremony in the city of Homs, killing over 123 people.[131] Following the attack, the Syrian Army launched a large-scale bombing campaign at Idlib, killing at least 24 civilians and wounding 37 others.[132][133][134]

On 6 October, two SAA soldiers were killed by HTS snipers on the Milaja frontline, southern Idlib.[135]

On 7 October, seven civilians were killed by SAA artillery shelling in the town of Ariha, and two civilians were killed by HTS drone attacks near the town of Qardaha.[136][16][137]

On 19 October, 8 HTS members were killed by SAA artillery bombardments on the Fatterah area of frontline in the southern countryside of Idlib.[138]

On 22 October, 6 civilians were killed in SAA artillery attacks in the village of Qarqur.[139]

On 27 October, 3 Syrian soldiers were killed in an infiltration operation by opposition forces on the Al-Baydaa frontline in Latakia.[140]

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  64. "New attack | HTS kills and injures 11 regime soldiers in "Putin-Erdogan" area". SOHR. 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  65. "Death toll update | 14 people kil*led in two att*acks by H*T*S on regime positions within "Putin-Erdogan" area". SOHR. 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  66. "In sneak att*ack | Ten comba*tants of the regiem and H*T*S kil*led in Aleppo". SOHR. 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  67. "Two att*acks in few hours | Three members of the regime and H*T*S kil*led in idlib countryside". SOHR. 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  68. ""Putin-Erdogan" area in March 2023 | H-T-S military operations and counter attacks by regime forces leave nearly 50 combatants de*ad, amid ongoing suspension of Russian airstrikes". SOHR. 31 March 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  69. "Unsuccessful attempt to advance in HTS-controlled areas | Three regime soldiers killed in western countryside of Aleppo". SOHR. 1 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  70. "Military escalation | Member of Al-Sh*am legion kil*led and another inj*ured in Idlib". SOHR. 1 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  71. "Sneak att*ack | Seven casu*alties among regime forces on Idlib frontlines". SOHR. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  72. "Fired by HTS | Rocket hits regime military vehicle in western Aleppo, killing and injuring nine soldiers". SOHR. 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  73. "Military escalation | "Al-Fath Al-Mubin" factions kill three regime soldiers in "de-escalation zone"". SOHR. 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  74. "With anti-tank mis*sile | "Al-Fa*th Al-Mub*in" factions destroy tank of the regime forces in Idlib". SOHR. 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  75. "Ongoing escalation | Three regime soldiers kil*led in cla*shes with H*T*S west of Aleppo". SOHR. 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  76. ""Putin-Erdogan" area | Regime forces she*ll Lattakia countryside and Hama countryside". SOHR. 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  77. ""De-escalation zone" in six days | 11 regime soldiers killed and wounded by HTS and opposition factions". SOHR. 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  78. "Russian intervention in Syria 92 months on | First round of airstrikes on "de-escalation zone" in six months…five joint patrols with the Turks and ongoing suspension of anti-IS*IS operations in Syrian desert". SOHR. 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  79. "Ceasefire violations | Regime soldier killed by HTS on Kabanah frontline in northern Latakia". SOHR. 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  80. "Exchanged targeting | Regime soldier sh*ot de*ad by H*T*S members on Idlib frontline". SOHR. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  81. "Second operation during hours | Factions of "Al-Fath Al-Mu*bin" kill regime soldier in southern countryside of Idlib". SOHR. 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  82. "Idlib | Member of the Special Forces of the HTS-backed "Luwaa Talha" faction kil*led". SOHR. 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  83. "Military escalation | Two H*T*S members kil*led in ground shel*ling by regime forces on Aleppo". SOHR. 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  84. "While planting landm*ines | Two members of H*T*S formations kil*led on Idlib frontlines". SOHR. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  85. "Regime artillery fire| Child and woman among five civilians killed and wounded in Kafr Noran town in western Aleppo". 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  86. "After three civilians killed by regime bombardment | Little girl killed in targeting by "HTS" on Sahil Al-Ghab area in Hama". SOHR. 22 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  87. ""Putin-Erdogan" area in 48 hours | 14 children and women among 17 casualties in drone attack and exchange of fire between regime forces and HTS". SOHR. 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  88. "A woman dies days after she was injured by ground bombardment on Sarmin in rural Idlib". SOHR. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  89. "Two separate attacks | Three regime soldiers killed and wounded by opposition factions in "de-escalation zone"". 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  90. "Leaving casualties and material losses | Unknown drone drop two rockets on position nearby Al-Qardaha city". SOHR. 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  91. "New airstrike | Two brothers kil*led in Russian airstrike on Idlib countryside". SOHR. 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  92. "8 members of the "Hamza Brigade" affiliated with Hayat Tahrir al-Sham were killed and others wounded in Russian air strikes on the Jabal Al-Zawiya area in the southern countryside of Idlib". SOHR. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  93. "Causalities update | Ten civilians including woman and child killed and injured in Russian airstrikes on west of Idlib". SOHR. 5 August 2023.
  94. "De*ath toll update | 14 people killed and wounded in infiltration operation by H-T-S-backed formation on regime positions in northern Latakia". SOHR. 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  95. ""Putin-Erdogan" area | H*T*S targets members of regime forces on frontlines". SOHR. 8 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  96. "Guided-missile attack | Two regime soldiers killed in attack on their military vehicle in western Aleppo countryside". SOHR. 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  97. "Dea*th toll update | 13 members of H*T*S kil*led by Russian airstrike near Idlib City". SOHR. 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  98. "Military escalation | Civilians among 15 causalities in Russian airstrikes on military headquarters near refugee camp in Idlib countryside". SOHR. 22 August 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  99. "Idlib | Russian warplanes launch aerial strikes near Jesr Al-Shughour in western countryside". SOHR. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  100. "Idlib | Two civilians di*ed and three others injured while a family still under rubbles due to Russian airstrike". SOHR. 22 August 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  101. "Death toll update | Seven HTS members killed in two-pronged attack by regime forces on western Aleppo". SOHR. 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  102. "Large-scale military operation | "Ansar Al-Tawhid" faction takes control of village in southern Idlib and kills and injures 31 regime soldiers". SOHR. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  103. "Ansar Al-Tawhid Faction withdraws from positions | Russian wa*rplanes renew airstrikes on supplies roads in Idlib". SOHR. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  104. "Syria's army fights off terrorists in Idlib". SOHR. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  105. "Attempting to retake control on posts | Armed clashes erupt between Ansar Al-Tawhid faction and regime forces in Al-Malajah in Idlib". SOHR. 27 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  106. "Absence of Russian wa*rplanes | Violent clashes over the control of positions in Idlib leave six casualties among regime forces". SOHR. 27 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  107. "In less than three hours | Regime forces launch new attack on positions of the factions in Idlib". SOHR. 27 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  108. "During past 48 hours | 46 regime soldiers and members of Ansar Al-Tawhid faction killed and injured in violent clashes in Idlib". SOHR. 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  109. "Infiltration operation in northern Latakia foiled | Five members of regime forces and Hezbollah killed and four HTS members injured". SOHR. 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  110. "Ongoing military escalation | Regime soldier sh*ot de*ad by snipers of Al-Fath Al-Mubin on Al-Malaja frontline". SOHR. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  111. "Russian attack on Al-Malaja supplies route | Regime ground forces intensify shelling preparing for an advance attempt". SOHR. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  112. ""Putin-Erdogan" area | Four regime soldiers killed and injured in targeting by "Al-Fath Al-Mubin" factions". SOHR. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  113. "Dea*th toll update | 12 military combatants of regime and H*T*S kil*led in an attack in Lattakia". SOHR. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  114. "About 20 of the regime forces and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham were killed in the latter's immersion operation in Lattakia countryside". SOHR. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  115. "During their attempt to advance on Tel Al-Malajah | 3 regime soldiers killed in armed clashes with factions of "Al-Fath Al-Mubin" in Idlib". SOHR. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  116. "Turkish forces shell regime positions One child kil*led in Sarmin and five regime soldiers kil*led in Aleppo". SOHR. 2 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  117. "New attack | Two regime soldiers kil*led on Ansar Al-Tawhid positions in Idlib". SOHR. 2 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  118. ""Putin-Erdogan" area | Child killed and two of her siblings injured, and member of "Ansar Al-Tawhid" faction and regime soldier killed". SOHR. 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  119. ""De-escalation zone" | Three regime soldiers killed and two others injured in Aleppo and Latakia countryside". SOHR. 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  120. "Idlib | Jihadist "Ansar Al-Tawhid" faction ambushes regime forces and kills four of them on frontline of Al-Malajah". SOHR. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  121. "Russian airstrike | Five members of Ansar Al-Tawhid jihadist faction kil*led and three others injured in Idlib". SOHR. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  122. "Military escalation | "Ansar Al-Tawhid" jihadist faction destroys "BMB" vehicle and kil*ls two regime soldier while H*T*S kil*ls member in Lattakia". SOHR. 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  123. "Dea*th toll update | Nine members of regime forces kil*led by H*T*S and Al-Jab*ha Al-Wataniya in "Putin-Erdogan" area". SOHR. 15 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  124. "Guided missile | Military formation of H*T*S destroys a tank of the regime on southern Idlib frontline". SOHR. 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  125. "Military escalation | Two civilians kil*led in artillery shelling by regime ground forces on Idlib". SOHR. 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  126. "Idlib | Ansar Al-Tawhid Jihadist Faction ki*lls regime soldier and injures another". SOHR. 24 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  127. "Exchanged attacks on "Putin-Erdogan" frontlines | Regime soldier kil*led and another injured on Al-Malaja Frontline in Idlib". SOHR. 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  128. ""Putin-Erdogan" area | Two regime soldiers killed by snipers of HTS in southern countryside of Idlib". SOHR. 30 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  129. "Amid ongoing bombardment and exchange of attacks | "Ansar Al-Tawhid" kills regime soldier in Idlib countryside". SOHR. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  130. "Idlib | Two regime soldier kil*led and one injured by snipers of H*T*S". SOHR. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  131. "مقتل 123 بينهم 54 مدنيا و62 من الضباط الخريجين بتفجير الكلية الحربية بحمص". SOHR. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  132. "استشهاد وإصابة 12 مدني بقصف لقوات النظام على ريفي حلب وإدلب ضمن مناطق "الهيئة".. وارتفاع عدد الشهداء في أقل من 24 ساعة إلى 15 مدني". SOHR. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  133. "In intense missile bombardment by regime forces, 6 civilians were martyred and injured in Idlib and its countryside". 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  134. "In bombing by regime forces, 5 people were martyred, including children, in Termanin in the northern countryside of Idlib". SOHR. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  135. "Exchanged attacks | Two regime soldiers kil*led and one injured by "Luwaa Abi Bakr Al-Siddek" of H*T*S in Idlib". SOHR. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  136. "9 civilians, including 5 children, were killed and injured by artillery shelling by regime forces on the towns of Ariha and Ehsim in the southern countryside of Idlib within the "Putin-Erdogan" area". SOHR. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  137. "Dea*th toll update | Number of martyrs kil*led by regime ground forces rises to seven in "Putin-Erdogan" area". SOHR. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  138. "Death toll update | Eight rebels and HTS members killed in regime bombardment on Al-Fterah frontline in Jabal Al-Zawiyah". SOHR. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  139. "New mass*acre | Regime forces ki*ll six children in an attack on Sahl Al-Ghab camps". SOHR. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  140. "Lattakia | Three regime soldiers kil*led and three injured in a sneak operation by "Al-Fath Al-Mubin" Factions". SOHR. 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  1. 2022: 4,[5] 2023: 79+2[2]Russia: 28+1[6]
  2. 3,[2] 1,[8]
  3. 2022: 45,[5] 2023: 340+1[2]
  4. 2022: 1 [11] 2023: 92[2] Russia: 18[6] Rebels: 15[12][13][14][15][16]
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