Imola Circuit

The Imola Circuit, officially called the Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari (Italian for 'Enzo and Dino Ferrari International Circuit'), is a 4.909 km (3.050 mi) motor racing circuit. It is located in the town of Imola, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, 40 km (25 mi) east of Bologna. It is one of the few major international circuits to run in an anti-clockwise direction. Initially used for motorcycle racing, the first race at Imola was held in 1953.

Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari


Configuration for FIA sanctioned events

Configuration for FIM sanctioned events
LocationImola, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Time zoneCET (UTC+1)
CEST (DST)
Coordinates44°20′28″N 11°42′48″E
Capacity78,000[1]
FIA Grade1[lower-alpha 1]
Broke ground22 March 1950 (1950-03-22)
Opened25 April 1953 (1953-04-25)
Former namesAutodromo Dino Ferrari (1957–1988)
Autodromo di Imola (1953–1956)
Major events
Current:
Future:
Former:
Websitewww.autodromoimola.it
Grand Prix Circuit (2008–present)
Length4.909 km (3.050 miles)
Turns19
Race lap record1:15.484 (United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton, Mercedes W11, 2020, Formula One)
Motorcycle Circuit (2009–present)
Length4.936 km (3.068 miles)
Turns20
Race lap record1:45.727 (United Kingdom Chaz Davies, Ducati Panigale V4 R, 2019, World SBK)
Grand Prix Circuit (1995–2006)
Length4.959 km (3.081 miles)
Turns22
Race lap record1:20.411 (Germany Michael Schumacher, Ferrari F2004, 2004, Formula One)
Grand Prix Circuit (1980–1994)
Length5.040 km (3.132 miles)
Turns22
Race lap record1:24.335 (United Kingdom Damon Hill, Williams FW16, 1994, Formula One)
Grand Prix Circuit (1973–1979)
Length5.060 km (3.144 miles)
Turns20
Race lap record1:33.610 (Canada Gilles Villeneuve, Ferrari 312T4, 1979, Formula One)
Original Grand Prix Circuit (1953–1972)
Length5.018 km (3.118 miles)
Turns12
Race lap record1:27.700 (Austria Helmut Marko, BRM P167, 1972, Group 7)

Imola hosted non-championship Formula One races in the 1963 Imola Grand Prix and the 1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix. It was used for official championship races in the 1980 Italian Grand Prix and the San Marino Grand Prix every year between 1981 and 2006. Safety concerns with the circuit were raised throughout the 1980s and 1990s, particularly with the high speed corner called Tamburello where numerous accidents occurred. Several crashes at the circuit resulted in fatalities, including the death of Ayrton Senna in 1994. Chicanes were introduced at multiple points to reduce cornering speeds, which changed the nature of the course and caused problems with their high kerbs.

Formula One stopped racing at Imola in 2007, leading the circuit owners to undertake major reconstruction work to the track and pit lane facilities. After the works were completed, a contract was signed for Formula One to return in to Imola from 2017, but legal disputes prevented this from occurring. It eventually returned in 2020, with the circuit hosting the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix from 2020-present. When Formula One visits Imola, it is considered the home circuit of the Scuderia Ferrari racing team, which is based in nearby Maranello.

The circuit has hosted many other motor racing series, including the Superbike World Championship, Motocross World Championship, World Touring Car Championship and European Le Mans Series. Several road bicycle races have also used the circuit, including stages of the Giro d'Italia and UCI Road World Championships.

The circuit is named after the founder of the Ferrari car company, Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988), and his son Alfredo "Dino" Ferrari (1932–1956). From 1953-56 it was called the Autodromo di Imola and from 1957-88 the Autodromo Dino Ferrari. The circuit has an FIA Grade One licence.[2]

History

Original layout of the Imola Circuit with no chicanes (1953–1972)

The track was originally called the Autodromo di Imola, and inaugurated as a semi-permanent venue in 1953. It had no chicanes, so the runs from Acque Minerali to Rivazza, and from Rivazza all the way to Tosa, through the pits and the Tamburello, were just straights with a few small bends; the circuit remained in this configuration until 1972.

In April 1953, the first motorcycle races took place, while the first car race took place in June 1954. In April 1963, the circuit hosted its first Formula One race, as a non-championship event, won by Jim Clark for Lotus. A further non-championship event took place at Imola in 1979, which was won by Niki Lauda for Brabham-Alfa Romeo.

In 1980 Imola officially debuted in the Formula One World Championship calendar by hosting the 1980 Italian Grand Prix. It was the first time since the 1948 Edition held at Parco del Valentino that the Autodromo Nazionale Monza did not host the Italian Grand Prix. The race was won by Nelson Piquet and it was such a success that a new race, the San Marino Grand Prix, was established especially for Imola in 1981 and remained on the calendar until 2006. The race was held over 60 laps of the 5.040 km (3.132 mi) circuit for a total race distance of 300 kilometres.

Imola has hosted a round of the Superbike World Championship from 2001 to 2006 and later since 2009. It hosts the final round of the FIM Motocross World Championship since 2018.

The World Touring Car Championship visited Imola in 2005 for the Race of San Marino, in 2008 for the Race of Europe, and in 2009 for the Race of Italy. The venue hosted a round of the International GT Open from 2009 to 2011 and also in 2021. The TCR International Series raced at Imola in 2016.

The 6 Hours of Imola was revived in 2011 and added to the Le Mans Series and Intercontinental Le Mans Cup as a season event until 2016, but it returned again to European Le Mans Series calendar again in 2022 as 4 Hours of Imola. It also hosted the 12 Hours of Imola in 2017-2018, a round of the 24H Series.

The track was also used as part of the finishing circuit for the 1968 UCI Road World Championships, which saw Italian cyclist Vittorio Adorni winning with a lead of 10 minutes and 10 seconds over runner up Herman Van Springel, the second largest winning margin in the history of the championships, after Georges Ronsse's victory in 1928. In addition Adorni's countryman Michele Dancelli took the bronze and five of the top six finishers were Italian.[3] The circuit was used for stage 11 of the 2015 Giro d'Italia, which was won by Ilnur Zakarin,[4] and stage 12 of the 2018 Giro d'Italia, won by Sam Bennett.[5] The circuit also served as the start and finish of the 2020 UCI Road World Championships on 27 September 2020.[6]

Tamburello

Despite the addition of chicanes to several parts of the lap, such as the Acque Minerali, Variante Alta, and Variante Bassa, the circuit was subject to constant safety concerns, mostly regarding the flat-out Tamburello corner, which was very bumpy and had dangerously little room between the track and a concrete wall without a tyre barrier that separated the circuit from the Santerno river that runs adjacent to it.

In 1987, Nelson Piquet crashed heavily during practice after a tyre failure and missed the race due to injury. In 1989, Gerhard Berger crashed his Ferrari at Tamburello after a front wing failure. The car instantaneously ignited after the severe impact at 300 km/h (190 mph) but thanks to the quick work of the firefighters and medical personnel Berger survived and missed only one race (the 1989 Monaco Grand Prix) due to burns to his hands. Michele Alboreto suffered a massive shunt whilst testing his Footwork Arrows at the circuit in 1991 but escaped injury. The following year, Riccardo Patrese also crashed at the same corner while testing for the Williams team.

In response to the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger during the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, modifications were carried out to the Tamburello corner to make it safer by converting it from a flat-out left hander to a left-right-left chicane.

1994 San Marino Grand Prix

The circuit's layout at the time of the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.
The circuit layout changed after 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, used between 1995–2006

In the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, during Friday practice Rubens Barrichello was launched over a kerb and into the top of a tyre barrier at the Variante Bassa, knocking the Brazilian unconscious, though quick medical intervention saved his life. During Saturday qualifying Austrian Roland Ratzenberger crashed head-on into a wall at over 310 km/h (190 mph) at the Villeneuve corner after his Simtek lost the front wing, dying instantly from a basilar skull fracture. The tragedy continued the next day when the three-time World Champion Ayrton Senna's Williams' steering column broke and he crashed into the concrete wall at the Tamburello corner on Lap 7. Senna died in the hospital several hours after his crash. In two unrelated incidents, several spectators and mechanics were also injured during the event.

In the aftermath, the circuit continued to host Grands Prix, but revisions were immediately made in an attempt to make it safer. The flat-out Tamburello corner was reduced to a 4th gear left–right sweeper, and a gravel trap was added to the limited space on the outside of the corner. Villeneuve corner, previously an innocuous 6th gear right-hander into Tosa, was made a complementary 4th gear sweeper, also with a gravel trap on the outside of the corner. In an attempt to retain some of the quickness and character of the old circuit, the arduous chicane at Acqua Minerali was eliminated, and the Variante Bassa was straightened into a single chicane. Many say that the new circuit configuration is not as good as it used to be as a result of the new chicanes at Tamburello and Villeneuve.[7][8]

Another modification made to the Imola track is that of Variante Alta, which is situated at the top of the hill leading down to Rivazza and has the hardest braking point on the lap. The Variante Alta, formerly a high-kerbed chicane, was hit quite hard by the drivers which caused damage to the cars and occasionally was the site of quite a few accidents. Before the 2006 Grand Prix, the kerbs were lowered considerably and the turn itself was tightened to reduce speeds and hopefully reduce the number of accidents at the chicane.

The old pitlane, June 2006.

The Grand Prix was removed from the calendar of the 2007 Formula One season.[9] SAGIS, the company that owns the circuit, hoped that the race would be reinstated at the October 2006 meeting of the FIA World Motor Sport Council and scheduled for the weekend of 29 April 2007, provided renovations to the circuit were completed in time for the race, but the reinstatement was denied.[10]

Recent developments

Imola during reconstruction, March 2007.

Since 2007, the circuit has undergone major revisions. A bypass to the Variante Bassa chicane was added for cars, making the run from Rivazza 2 to the first Tamburello chicane totally flat-out, much like the circuit in its original fast-flowing days. However, the chicane is still used for motorcycle races.

The new pitbox and start/finish straight, April 2008.

The old pit garages and paddock have been demolished and completely rebuilt while the pitlane was extended and resurfaced. The reconstruction was overseen by German F1 track architect Hermann Tilke.

In June 2008, with most of the reconstruction work completed, The FIA gave the track a "1T" rating, meaning that an official Formula One Test can be held at the circuit; circuits require the "1" homologation to host a Formula One Grand Prix.[11] As of August 2011, the track received a '1' FIA homologation rating after an inspection by Charlie Whiting.[12]

In June 2015, the owners of the circuit confirmed they were in talks to return to the Formula One calendar should Monza, whose contract was scheduled to run out after the 2016 season, be unable to make a new deal to keep hosting a round of the world championship.[13] On 18 July 2016, Imola signed a deal to host the Italian Grand Prix from the 2017 season.[14] However, on 2 September 2016, it was announced that Monza had secured a new deal to continue hosting the race,[15] and Imola's officials took legal action against this decision questioning the legality of government funding awarded to Monza.[16] On 8 November 2016, they withdrew their case.[17] In February 2020, the owners at Imola submitted a bid to replace the 2020 Chinese Grand Prix pending its cancellation as a precaution in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.[18] On 24 July 2020, it was confirmed that the circuit would be added to the calendar for the 2020 Formula One World Championship with the race being called the "Emilia Romagna Grand Prix" in honour of the region the circuit is situated in. In a break with Formula One tradition the event at the circuit took place over two days instead of three on 31 October and 1 November 2020.[19] Imola was kept on the calendar for 2021, following the postponement of the Chinese Grand Prix due to the ongoing pandemic, and later for the 2022 calendar as well.[20] The 2023 Grand Prix was set to be held on 21 May 2023 but had to be cancelled as a result of the 2023 Emilia-Romagna floods that also affected the Circuit by the flooding Santerno river.[21] Imola is due to host a F1 Grand Prix until 2025.[22]

The circuit's president is Giancarlo Minardi of the former Minardi F1 team.[23]

Events

Current
Future
Former

Fatal accidents

Lap records

The official lap record for the current Grand Prix circuit layout is 1:15.484, set by Lewis Hamilton during the 2020 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, while the unofficial all-time track record is 1:13.609, set by Valtteri Bottas in the qualifying of aforementioned race.[24] As of October 2023, the fastest official race lap records at the Imola Circuit are listed as:

CategoryTimeDriverVehicleEventCircuit Map
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.909 km (2008–present)
F11:15.484[24][25]Lewis HamiltonMercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance2020 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix
GP2 Asia1:28.097Romain GrosjeanDallara GP2/112011 Imola GP2 Asia Series round
FIA F21:28.353Jehan DaruvalaDallara F2 20182022 Imola Formula 2 round
Auto GP1:32.189[26]Kimiya SatoLola B05/522014 Imola Auto GP round
LMP11:33.112[27]Sébastien BourdaisPeugeot 9082011 6 Hours of Imola
FIA F31:33.129Roman StaněkDallara F3 20192022 Imola Formula 3 round
LMP21:33.702[28]Lorenzo ColomboOreca 072022 4 Hours of Imola
Euroformula Open1:35.273[29]Jak CrawfordDallara 3202021 Imola Euroformula Open round
LMP31:38.235[30]Laurents HörrDuqueine M30 - D082022 Imola Le Mans Cup round
FTwo (2009–2012)1:38.576Robert WickensWilliams JPH12009 Imola Formula Two round
Formula Regional1:38.769[31]Hadrien DavidTatuus F.3 T-3182021 Imola FREC round
Renault Sport Trophy1:39.784[32]Pieter SchothorstRenault Sport R.S. 012016 Imola Renault Sport Trophy round
Lamborghini Super Trofeo1:39.827[33]Loris SpinelliLamborghini Huracán Super Trofeo Evo22022 Imola Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe round
International Formula Master1:39.946[34]Fabio LeimerTatuus N.T072009 Imola Formula Master round
GT31:40.375[35]Nicki ThiimAston Martin Vantage AMR GT32022 Imola GT World Challenge Europe round
LM GTE1:41.024[36]Matthew GriffinFerrari 458 Italia GT22014 4 Hours of Imola
Formula Renault 2.01:42.423[37]Anthoine HubertTatuus FR2.0/132015 Imola Formula Renault 2.0 Alps round
Ferrari Challenge1:43.468[38]Eliseo DonnoFerrari 488 Challenge Evo2022 Imola Ferrari Challenge Europe round
SRO GT21:43.486[39]Anders FjordbachBrabham BT63 GT2 Concept2022 Imola GT2 European Series round
Porsche Carrera Cup1:44.241[40]Benedetto StrignanoPorsche 911 (991 II) GT3 Cup2021 Imola Porsche Carrera Cup Italia round
Formula 41:44.280[41]Ugo UgochukwuTatuus F4-T4212023 Imola Italian F4 round
LMPC1:44.443[27]Kyle MarcelliOreca FLM092011 6 Hours of Imola
JS P41:47.027[42]Dimitri EnjalbertLigier JS P42022 Imola Ligier European Series round
GT41:49.524[43]Tom CanningAston Martin Vantage AMR GT42022 Imola GT4 European Series round
TCR Touring Car1:51.647[44]Mikel AzconaCUPRA Leon Competición TCR2021 1st Imola TCR Italy round
JS2 R1:53.793[45]David CaussanelLigier JS2 R2022 Imola Ligier European Series round
Super 20001:53.801[46]Petr FulínSEAT León Cup Racer2016 Imola ETC round
Renault Clio Cup2.03.093[47]Felice JelminiRenault Clio R.S. IV2019 2nd Imola Renault Clio Cup Italy round
Super 16002:10.140[46]Niklas MackschinFord Fiesta 1.6 16V2016 Imola ETC round
Eurocup Mégane Trophy2:12.581[48]Michele BartyanRenault Mégane RS Trophy2011 500 Miglia di Imola
Motorcycle Circuit: 4.936 km (2009–present)
World SBK1:45.727[49]Chaz DaviesDucati Panigale V4 R2019 Imola World SBK round
World SSP1:51.101[50]Jules CluzelMV Agusta F3 6752015 Imola World SSP round
Supersport 3002:05.669[51]Mattia MartellaKawasaki Ninja 4002023 Imola CIV SSP 300 round
Modified Grand Prix Circuit: 4.959 km (1995–2006)
F11:20.411Michael SchumacherFerrari F20042004 San Marino Grand Prix
GP21:33.871Nicolas LapierreDallara GP2/052005 Imola GP2 Series round
F30001:38.936[52]Giorgio PantanoLola B02/502002 Imola F3000 round
Formula Renault 3.51:44.420[53]Christian MontanariTatuus FRV62004 Imola Formula Renault V6 Eurocup round
F31:47.137[54]Valerio ScassellatiDallara F3992000 Imola Italian F3 round
GT1 (GTS)1:47.399[55]Uwe AlzenSaleen S7-R2004 FIA GT Imola 500 km
World SBK1:48.389[56]Troy BaylissDucati 998 F022002 Imola World SBK round
Formula Renault 2.01:49.372[57]Kamui KobayashiTatuus FR20002005 Imola Renault 2.0 Italia round
500cc1:49.436[24]Mick DoohanHonda NSR5001997 City of Imola motorcycle Grand Prix
250cc1:51.872[24]Tetsuya HaradaAprilia RSV 2501997 City of Imola motorcycle Grand Prix
N-GT1:52.425[55]Lucas LuhrPorsche 911 (996) GT3-RSR2004 FIA GT Imola 500 km
GT21:52.567[58]Emmanuel CollardPorsche 911 (996) GT3-RSR2005 FIA GT Imola Supercar 500
World SSP1:53.122[59]Kevin CurtainYamaha YZF-R62003 Imola World SSP round
FIA GT Group-21:54.647[58]Shaun BalfeMosler MT900R2005 FIA GT Imola Supercar 500
Super Touring1:55.737[60]Emanuele NaspettiBMW 320i1999 Imola Italian Superturismo round
Porsche Carrera Cup1:56.928[61]Richard WestbrookPorsche 911 (997) GT3 Cup2005 Imola Porsche Supercup round
125cc1:58.490[24]Valentino RossiAprilia RS125R1997 City of Imola motorcycle Grand Prix
Super 20001:59.756[62]Fabrizio GiovanardiAlfa Romeo 156 GTA Super 20002004 Imola ETCC round
Grand Prix Circuit: 5.040 km (1980–1994)
F11:24.335Damon HillWilliams FW161994 San Marino Grand Prix
Group C1:37.840[63]Pierluigi MartiniLancia LC21984 1000 km of Imola
F30001:38.290[64]Gabriele TarquiniMarch 87B1987 Imola F3000 round
F31:45.429[65]Luca BadoerDallara F3911991 Imola Italian F3 round
Group A1:51.799[66]Antonio TamburiniAlfa Romeo 155 GTA1992 Imola Italian Superturismo round
500cc1:53.360Kenny RobertsYamaha YZR5001983 San Marino motorcycle Grand Prix
GT11:54.254[67]Marco BrandFerrari F401993 Imola Italian GT round
BMW M1 Procar1:54.768[68]Nelson PiquetBMW M1 Procar1980 Imola BMW M1 Procar round
Super Touring1:58.079[69]Fabrizio GiovanardiPeugeot 405 Mi161993 Imola Italian Superturismo round
250cc2:03.130Anton MangKawasaki KR2501981 San Marino motorcycle Grand Prix
125cc2:06.030Angel NietoGarelli 125 GP1983 San Marino motorcycle Grand Prix
50cc2:21.420Ricardo TormoMorbidelli 501983 San Marino motorcycle Grand Prix
Original Grand Prix Circuit with Variante Alta and Variante Bassa: 5.060 km (1973–1979)
F11:33.610[70]Gilles VilleneuveFerrari 312 T41979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix
Group 71:34.900[71]George FollmerPorsche 917/10 TC1973 Coppa Orro di Shell Imola
Group 51:40.800[72]Jean-Pierre JarierMatra-Simca MS6701974 1000 km of Imola
Group 61:42.300[73]Jean-Pierre JarierRenault Alpine A4421976 500 km of Imola
F31:47.800[74]Michele AlboretoMarch 7931979 Imola Italian F3 round
500cc1:56.000[75]Kenny RobertsYamaha YZR5001979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
350cc1:59.300Kork BallingtonKawasaki KR3501979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
250cc2:01.400Kork BallingtonKawasaki KR2501979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
125cc2:08.500Thierry EspiéMotobécane 1251979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
50cc2:24.500Eugenio LazzariniKreidler 50 GP1979 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
Original Grand Prix Circuit: 5.017 km (1953–1972)
Group 71:27.700[76]Helmut MarkoBRM P1671972 Imola Interserie round
F21:31.900[77]Peter GethinChevron B201972 Imola F2 round
Group 61:36.900[78]Jacky IckxMirage M3/3001969 500 km of Imola
Group 41:41.700[78]Frank GardnerLola T70 Mk IIIB GT1969 500 km of Imola
F31:42.300[79]Sandro CinottiBrabham BT35C1972 1st Imola Italian F3 round
F11:48.300Trevor TaylorLotus 251963 Imola Grand Prix
Group 32:04.100[80]Herbert DemetzAbarth Simca 1300 GT1965 Gran Premio Shell Coppa Bologna

Non-motorsport events

Since 1981,[81] the circuit has been hosting the early-September Mostra Scambio ("Trading Exposition"), an open-air market primarily focused on the exhibition and trade of vintage vehicles and their parts; this event is also popularly (but inaccurately) called CRAME, after the name of the historical society organizing it.[82] The 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19.[81]

Among the major musical performances held on the track were:

Partially due to the vicinity of the Romeo Galli athletics stadium, the Acque Minerali park, and the Tre Monti hills, the Autodromo is not commonly used for bicycle or on-foot sporting activities (albeit with notable exceptions, such as two segments of the Giro d'Italia in the 2010s, and 2020 UCI Road World Championships); however, the civic administration does occasionally allocate summer days in which the public can walk or cycle along the track.[83]

Notes

  1. Imola Circuit's Grade 1 license expired 17 June 2023. It will feature on the 2024 Formula One World Championship calendar, so the license will have to be renewed.

References

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